Raman Spectroscopy for In Vivo Medical Diagnosis

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy is a noninvasive optical technique that can be used as an aid in diagnosing certain diseases and as an alternative to more invasive diagnostic techniques such as the biopsy. Due to these characteristics, Raman spectroscopy is also known as an optical biopsy technique. The success of Raman spectroscopy in biomedical applications is based on the fact that the molecular composition of healthy tissue is different from diseased tissue; also, several disease biomarkers can be identified in Raman spectra, which can be used to diagnose or monitor the progress of certain medical conditions. This chapter outlines an overview of the use of Raman spectroscopy for in vivo medical diagnostics and demonstrates the potential of this technique to address biomedical issues related to human health.

Characterization of wild‐type and mutant p53 protein by Raman spectroscopy and multivariate methods

“…Multivariate analysis handles high‐dimensional data by reducing their dimensionality to a few meaningful variables. In spectroscopy, the specific aims can be to simplify the data description or exploratory analysis to find correlations among variables, classification, discrimination, regression, and prediction . We applied three multivariate methods to our spectral information: PC analysis (PCA), SVM, and PLS regression.…”

“…The optical technique Raman spectroscopy can be a powerful tool for the characterization of biomarkers due to its capability to access structural conformation, its nondestructiveness, and ease of sample preparation . At the molecular level, healthy tissue is different from diseased tissue; hence, Raman spectroscopy can be applied to detect biomarkers and identify or follow the progression of certain medical conditions, becoming a noninvasive alternative to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases …”

“…Raman spectroscopy can be performed in portable and fast spectrometers, becoming a technique that can be implemented in vivo, which offers a great advantage over conventional techniques for the detection of biomarkers. Even though the spectral analysis requires expertise, their analysis by means of methods implemented automatically in the same spectrometer can overcome this problem and reduce the subjectivity in the result interpretation.…”

“…[14][15][16] The optical technique Raman spectroscopy can be a powerful tool for the characterization of biomarkers due to its capability to access structural conformation, its nondestructiveness, and ease of sample preparation. [17] At the molecular level, healthy tissue is different from diseased tissue; hence, Raman spectroscopy can be applied to detect biomarkers and identify or follow the progression of certain medical conditions, becoming a noninvasive alternative to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. [18,19] Raman spectroscopy can be performed in portable and fast spectrometers, becoming a technique that can be implemented in vivo, [17] which offers a great advantage over conventional techniques for the detection of biomarkers.…”

“…[17] At the molecular level, healthy tissue is different from diseased tissue; hence, Raman spectroscopy can be applied to detect biomarkers and identify or follow the progression of certain medical conditions, becoming a noninvasive alternative to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. [18,19] Raman spectroscopy can be performed in portable and fast spectrometers, becoming a technique that can be implemented in vivo, [17] which offers a great advantage over conventional techniques for the detection of biomarkers. Even though the spectral analysis requires expertise, their analysis by means of methods implemented automatically in the same spectrometer can overcome this problem and reduce the subjectivity in the result interpretation.…”