Raman spectroscopy of bone composition during healing of subcritical calvarial defects

Ahmed, Rafay; Law, Anthony; Cheung, Tsang; Lau, Condon

doi:10.1364/boe.9.001704

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Bands that are known to be associated with functional groups and structures in protein are labelled in the Raman spectra. Bands with positions within instrumental resolution in the Raman and FTIR spectra are assumed to have the same chemical and structural origin [31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy Towards Classification of Wet Blue Bovine Leather Using Ratiometric and Chemometric Analysis

et al. 2020

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There is a substantial loss of value in bovine leather every year due to a leather quality defect known as "looseness". Data show that 7% of domestic hide production is affected to some degree, with a loss of $35 m in export returns. This investigation is devoted to gaining a better understanding of tight and loose wet blue leather based on vibrational spectroscopy observations of its structural variations caused by physical and chemical changes that also affect the tensile and tear strength. Several regions from the wet blue leather were selected for analysis. Samples of wet blue bovine leather were collected and studied in the sliced form using Raman spectroscopy (using 532 nm excitation laser) and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform InfraRed (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The purpose of this study was to use ATR-FTIR and Raman spectra to classify distal axilla (DA) and official sampling position (OSP) leather samples and then employ univariate or multivariate analysis or both. For univariate analysis, the 1448 cm − 1 (CH 2 deformation) band and the 1669 cm − 1 (Amide I) band were used for evaluating the lipid-to-protein ratio from OSP and DA Raman and IR spectra as indicators of leather quality. Curve-fitting by the sums-of-Gaussians method was used to calculate the peak area ratios of 1448 and 1669 cm − 1 band. The ratio values obtained for DA and OSP are 0.57 ± 0.099, 0.73 ± 0.063 for Raman and 0.40 ± 0.06 and 0.50 ± 0.09 for ATR-FTIR. The results provide significant insight into how these regions can be classified. Further, to identify the spectral changes in the secondary structures of collagen, the Amide I region (1600-1700 cm − 1) was investigated and curve-fitted-area ratios were calculated. The 1648:1681 cm − 1 (non-reducing: reducing collagen types) band area ratios were used for Raman and 1632:1650 cm − 1 (triple helix: α-like helix collagen) for IR. The ratios show a significant difference between the two classes. To support this qualitative analysis, logistic regression was performed on the univariate data to classify the samples quantitatively into one of the two groups. Accuracy for Raman data was 90% and for ATR-FTIR data 100%. Both Raman and ATR-FTIR complemented each other very well in differentiating the two groups. As a comparison, and to reconfirm the classification, multivariate analysis was performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The results obtained indicate good classification between the two leather groups based on protein and lipid content. Principal component score 2 (PC2) distinguishes OSP and DA by symmetrically grouping samples at positive and negative extremes. The study demonstrates an excellent model for wider research on vibrational spectroscopy for early and rapid diagnosis of leather quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy Towards Classification of Wet Blue Bovine Leather Using Ratiometric and Chemometric Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…The confocal Raman system used in the study was the Renishaw inVia™ Qontor ® system from the United Kingdom. [30][31][32][33] The Raman setup was first calibrated with a silicon reference (peak at 520 cm −1 ) before taking further measurements. After calibration, the blood smear samples were placed on a three-dimensional translation stage of the Raman microscope with a 50× objective from Nikon Japan.…”

Section: Confocal Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Single red blood cell analysis reveals elevated hemoglobin in poikilocytes

et al. 2020

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Abnormally shaped red blood cells (RBCs), called poikilocytes, can cause anemia. At present, the biochemical abnormalities in poikilocytes are not well understood. Normal RBCs and poikilocytes were analyzed using whole-blood and single-cell methods. Poikilocytes were induced in rat blood by intragastrically administering titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles. Complete blood count and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses were performed on whole-blood to measure average RBC morphology, blood hemoglobin (HGB), iron content, and other blood parameters. Follow-up confocal Raman spectroscopy was performed on single RBCs to analyze cell-type-specific HGB content. Two types of poikilocytes, acanthocytes and echinocytes, were observed in TiO 2 blood samples, along with normal RBCs. Acanthocytes (diameter 7.7 AE 0.5 μm) and echinocytes (7.6 AE 0.6 μm) were microscopically larger (p < 0.05) than normal RBCs (6.6 AE 0.4 μm) found in control blood samples (no TiO 2 administration). Similarly, mean corpuscular volume was higher (p < 0.05) in TiO 2 whole-blood (70.70 AE 1.97 fl) than in control whole-blood (67.42 AE 2.03 fl). Poikilocytes also had higher HGB content. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin was higher (p < 0.05) in TiO 2 whole-blood (21.84 AE 0.75 pg) than in control whole-blood (20.8 AE 0.32 pg). Iron content was higher (p < 0.001) in TiO 2 whole-blood (697.0 AE 24.5 mg∕l) than in control whole-blood (503.4 AE 38.5 mg∕l), which supports elevated HGB as iron is found in HGB. HGB-associated Raman bands at 1637, 1585, and 1372 cm −1 had higher (p < 0.001) amplitudes in acanthocytes and echinocytes than in RBCs from control blood and normal RBCs from TiO 2 blood. Further, the 1585-cm −1 band had a lower (p < 0.05) amplitude in normal RBCs from TiO 2 versus control RBCs. This represents biochemical abnormalities in normal appearing RBCs. Overall, poikilocytes, especially acanthocytes, have elevated HGB.

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“…Additionally, more refined but not commonly used methods in clinical practice are peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) [ 5 , 6 ]. For experimental purposes only, micro-CT, Raman Spectroscopy, and the three-point-bending ex vivo test are also used [ 3 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Femoral Bone Fracture Healing in Rats by the Modal Damping Factor and Its Correlation With Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography

Chalikias

Παπαϊωάννου

Koundis

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Introduction Monitoring the progress of fracture healing is essential in order to establish the appropriate timing that ensures adequate bone strength for weight-bearing. In the present experimental study on a rat model of femoral fracture healing, the measurement of bone density and strength by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) was correlated with the modal damping factor (MDF) method. Methods Four groups of 12 male six-month-old Wistar rats each were anesthetized and submitted to baseline femoral pQCT and MDF scanning, followed by aseptic midshaft osteotomy of the right femur which was fixed by a locking intramedullary nail technique. The animals were left to recover and re-scanned following euthanasia of each group after six, eight, 10, and 12 weeks, respectively. The parameters measured by the pQCT method were total bone mineral density (BMD) and polar strength strain index (SSIp). Results Fracture healing progressed over time and at 12 weeks post-osteotomy there was no statistically significant difference between the osteotomized right and the control left femurs regarding MDF, BMD, and SSIp measurements. The highest correlations for the osteotomized femurs were observed between MDF and BMD (r =-0.647, P = 0.043), and between MDF and SSIp (r =-0.350, P = 0.321), at 10 weeks postoperatively. The high to moderate correlations between MDF and BMD, and between MDF and SSIp respectively, support the validity of MDF in assessing fracture healing. Conclusions Based on our findings in this fracture healing animal model, the results from the MDF method are reliable and correlate highly with the total BMD and moderately with the SSI polar values obtained by the pQCT method of bone quality measurement. Further studies are needed which may additionally support that the MDF method can be an attractive portable alternative to monitor fracture healing in the community.

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Raman spectroscopy of bone composition during healing of subcritical calvarial defects

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Raman and Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy Towards Classification of Wet Blue Bovine Leather Using Ratiometric and Chemometric Analysis

Raman and Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy Towards Classification of Wet Blue Bovine Leather Using Ratiometric and Chemometric Analysis

Single red blood cell analysis reveals elevated hemoglobin in poikilocytes

Evaluation of Femoral Bone Fracture Healing in Rats by the Modal Damping Factor and Its Correlation With Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography

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