Raman spectroscopy of diesel and gasoline engine-out soot using different laser power

Ge, Haiwen; Ye, Zhipeng; He, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2018.11.001

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The height intensity ratio of D and G bands (I D /I G ) is a sensitive measure of soot crystallinity, i.e., the size of graphitic domains [7,13]. The I D /I G ratio depends on numerous factors, including aromatic layer size, soot oxidation reactivity, maturation of coals, aging of diesel soot at various temperature, and fuel to oxygen ratio ( [24] and references therein). The I D /I G ratio is close to unity (0.97) for the reference diesel soot; whereas, soot from other sources show significantly lower I D /I G ratios (0.67-0.70) (Table 2).…”

Section: Reference Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the most detailed structural characterization of soot is obtained using high resolution transmission electron microscopy [12,[17][18][19][20][21], Raman spectroscopy has increasingly been used to characterize soot of different origins, e.g., [13,[22][23][24]. Raman spectroscopy has successfully been applied to study atmospheric CM [25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonality of the Airborne Ambient Soot Predominant Emission Sources Determined by Raman Microspectroscopy and Thermo-Optical Method

et al. 2021

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Raman microspectroscopy and thermo-optical-transmittance (TOT) method were used to study airborne ambient soot collected at the suburban air monitoring station in southern Poland during the residential heating (January-February) and non-heating (June–July) seasons of 2017. Carbonaceous material constituted on average 47.2 wt.% of PM2.5 during the heating season and 26.9 wt.% in the non-heating season. Average concentrations of OC (37.5 ± 11.0 μg/m3) and EC (5.3 ± 1.1 μg/m3) during the heating season were significantly higher than those in the non-heating season (OC = 2.65 ± 0.78 μg/m3, and EC = 0.39 ± 0.18 μg/m3). OC was a chief contributor to the TC mass concentration regardless of the season. All Raman parameters indicated coal combustion and biomass burning were the predominant sources of soot in the heating season. Diesel soot, which is structurally less ordered than soot from other sources, was dominant during the non-heating season. The D1 and G bands area ratio (D1A/GA) was the most sensitive Raman parameter that discriminated between various soot sources, with D1A/GA > 1 for diesel soot, and less than 1 for soot from coal and wood burning. Due to high daily variability of both TOT and Raman spectroscopy data, single-day measurements can be inconclusive regarding the soot source apportionment. Long-time measurement campaigns are recommended.

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Section: Reference Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of the Airborne Ambient Soot Predominant Emission Sources Determined by Raman Microspectroscopy and Thermo-Optical Method

et al. 2021

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“…To characterize the crystallinity degree of carbonaceous materials Raman spectroscopy is an appropriate and relevant technique commonly used [21,27,28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of starch as binder in carbon aerogel and carbon xerogel preparation

Rodríguez

Agámez-Pertuz

Romero

et al. 2019

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…In gasoline engines, however, laws and protocols have not been set up for PM emission. Due to its adverse effect on the human respiratory system, the attention to enact regulations of PM emission in gasoline engines has raised recently [123][124][125][126][127][128]. Generally, the use of butanol has successfully decreased the Particle Number (PN) emissions in SI engine.…”

Section: Particulate Matter (Pm) Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Performance, Combustion and Emissions of SI Engine Fuelled with Butanol: A Review

Veza¹,

Said²,

Latiff³

2020

IJAME

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Several studies on ethanol as a biofuel have been comprehensively carried out. Today, a growing interest in longer chain alcohols has emerged due to their favourable physical and thermodynamic properties. Butanol or butyl alcohol with 4-carbon structure (C4H9OH) is a more promising biofuel as it outweighs methanol and ethanol in several ways. The production cost of butanol has been gradually reduced, and rapid progress in the development of its production technology has allowed butanol to be produced more effectively. However, studies on the effect of butanol on gasoline or spark ignition (SI) engines are not as comprehensive as the abundant research of ethanol. This paper highlights recent novelty and contribution of butanol addition in SI engine. Results of new approaches on the engine’s performance, combustion and emission characteristics are summarised. Reviews from this paper suggest that there are some gaps in the addition of butanol found in the literature. Thus, several encounters and forthcoming research directions are outlined in the final section of this review article, highlighting several possible contributions that have not yet been carried out using butanol as a biofuel in a gasoline engine.

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Raman spectroscopy of diesel and gasoline engine-out soot using different laser power

Cited by 32 publications

References 55 publications

Seasonality of the Airborne Ambient Soot Predominant Emission Sources Determined by Raman Microspectroscopy and Thermo-Optical Method

Seasonality of the Airborne Ambient Soot Predominant Emission Sources Determined by Raman Microspectroscopy and Thermo-Optical Method

Effect of starch as binder in carbon aerogel and carbon xerogel preparation

Improved Performance, Combustion and Emissions of SI Engine Fuelled with Butanol: A Review

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