Raman spectroscopy of smithsonite

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy at both 298 and 77 K has been used to study a series of selected natural smithsonites from different origins. An intense sharp band at 1092 cm −1 is assigned to the CO 3 2− symmetric stretching vibration. Impurities of hydrozincite are identified by a band around 1060 cm −1 . An additional band at 1088 cm −1 which is observed in the 298 K spectra but not in the 77 K spectra is attributed to a CO 3 2− hot band. Raman spectra of smithsonite show a single band in the 1405-1409 cm −1 range assigned to the n 3 (CO 3 ) 2− antisymmetric stretching mode. The observation of additional bands for the n 3 g modes for some smithsonites is significant in that it shows distortion of the ZnO 6 octahedron. No n 2 bending modes are observed for smithsonite. A single band at 730 cm −1 is assigned to the n 4 in phase bending mode. Multiple bands be attributed to the structural distortion are observed for the carbonate n 4 in phase bending modes in the Raman spectrum of hydrozincite with bands at 733, 707 and 636 cm −1 . An intense band at 304 cm −1 is attributed to the ZnO symmetric stretching vibration.

Raman study of a deuterated iron hydroxycarbonate to assess long‐term corrosion mechanisms in anoxic soils

“…With regard to the iron hydroxycarbonate, on both samples the main peak is at 1070 cm −1 and it can be assigned to the C-O symmetric stretching vibration (ν 1 ). [24,25,34,35] The weak shift observed on the band at 1510 cm −1 when both spectra are compared shows that it cannot be assigned to the hydroxyl group of the crystalline structure. In the case of the copper hydroxycarbonate such as azurite and malachite, it has been suggested that the peaks between 1400 and 1520 cm −1 are due to the carbonate (ν 3 ) antisymmetric stretching vibration.…”

“…The 730 cm −1 band could be correlated to a (ν 4 ) O-C-O asymmetric bending. [25,34,35] The bands present between 100 and 500 cm −1 are hardly mentioned in the literature. According to Frost [36] on their study on malachite, there are too many bands in comparison to those predicted by factor group analysis.…”

Blue cathodoluminescence related to defect center in smithsonite

“…5). The vibration energies of smithsonite were fully assigned by Frost et al (2008) ) in O -Zn -O bending modes in the smithsonite lattice. Therefore, the similarity of the activation energy in the process of temperature quenching and lattice vibration energy indicates that the temperature quenching energy might be transferred as a phonon to the specific lattice vibration through non -radiative transition.…”

Recent advances in linear and non‐linear Raman spectroscopy. Part III

“…Such studies are compiled here for the following molecules: 1H-and 3H-imidazo [4,5-b]pyridine and their methyl derivatives, [113] copper(II) chloride and bromide compounds of KCuBr 3 , [114] 5,6-diméthyluracile, [115] [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 2 M II (H 2 O) 4 (SO 4 ) 2 , M II = Mn, Cd and VO, [116] potassium trimethylsilanolate, [117] 2-aminopyridinium-4-hydroxybenzenosulfonate, [118] the H 4 I 2 O 10 2− ion in CuH 4 I 2 O 10 · 6H 2 O, [119] 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine, [120] 3 (or 4 or 6)-methyl-5-nitro-2-pyridinethiones, [121] 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA) crystal, [122] 2-amino-5-chloropyridinium hydrogen selenate, [123] the food dye amaranth, [124] transstilbene in the excited singlet state, [125] chloramphenicol, [126] oroxylin, [127] 4-fluoro-N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)benzamide, [128] phenanthridine, [129] 3,5 dichloro hydroxy benzaldehyde and 2,4 dichloro benzaldehyde. [130] Solid State (Minerals, Crystals, Linear Chains, Glasses, Ceramics and Disordered Materials) Minerals A great number of minerals have been studied during 2008 by the Frost group [131 -146] using both Raman and infrared spectroscopies: smithsonite, [131] the uranyl carbonate mineral voglite, [132] hydrotalcite with CO 3 2− and (MoO 4 ) 2− anions in the interlayer, [133] the uranyl phosphate minerals phosphuranylite and yingjiangite, [134] the uranyl carbonate mineral zellerite, [135] the molybdate-containing uranyl mineral calcurmolite, [136] the oxalate mineral wheatleyite Na 2 Cu 2+ (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ·2H 2 O, [137] the nickel silicate mineral pecoraite, [138] synthetic nesquehonite, [139] the uranyl mineral, compreignacite, K 2 [(UO 2 ) 3 O 2 (OH) 3 ] 2 ·7H 2 O, [140] the hydroxy nickel carbonate minerals nullaginite and zaratite, [141] schmiederite Pb 2 Cu 2 [(OH) 4 |S...…”