“…It has been well established in previously reported studies that the C–D band acts as a prominent Raman metabolic activity spectral marker for cells. 22 , 28 − 30 For validating the feasibility of the growth of E. coli in D 2 O-labeled culture medium, microbial cells were grown in different concentrations at 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, and 100%. Postinoculation, optical density measurements were performed at different time points; 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. The growth curve is shown in Figure 1 A.…”