Raman spectroscopy study of the transformation of the carbonaceous skeleton of a polymer-based nanoporous carbon along the thermal annealing pathway

Hu, Cheng; Sedghi, Saeid; Silvestre-Albero, Ana; Andersson, Gunther G.; Sharma, Anirudh; Pendleton, Phillip; Rodríguez‐Reinoso, F.; Kaneko, Katsumi; Biggs, Mark J.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.12.098

Cited by 160 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It is sometimes called the TPA band (for trans-polyacetylene), as it lies close to the mode found in nanodiamonds [261]. It has been recently considered in the fitting procedure of nanoporous carbons [262]. The history of this band and its relation to the 2450 cm −1 band, first reported in the work of Nemanich, [81], for defectless graphite, is important to mention here because it illustrates the fact that studying disordered materials helps in understanding the spectra of well-ordered materials.…”

Section: Very Defective Carbons: Pyrocarbons Coals and Sootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Guide to and Review of the Use of Multiwavelength Raman Spectroscopy for Characterizing Defective Aromatic Carbon Solids: from Graphene to Amorphous Carbons

2017

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sp 2 hybridized carbons constitute a broad class of solid phases composed primarily of elemental carbon and can be either synthetic or naturally occurring. Some examples are graphite, chars, soot, graphene, carbon nanotubes, pyrolytic carbon, and diamond-like carbon. They vary from highly ordered to completely disordered solids and detailed knowledge of their internal structure and composition is of utmost importance for the scientific and engineering communities working with these materials. Multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a very powerful and non-destructive tool for the characterization of carbons containing both aromatic domains and defects and has been widely used since the 1980s. Depending on the material studied, some specific spectroscopic parameters (e.g., band position, full width at half maximum, relative intensity ratio between two bands) are used to characterize defects. This paper is addressed first to (but not limited to) the newcomer in the field, who needs to be guided due to the vast literature on the subject, in order to understand the physics at play when dealing with Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based solids. We also give historical aspects on the development of the Raman spectroscopy technique and on its application to sp 2 hybridized carbons, which are generally not presented in the literature. We review the way Raman spectroscopy is used for sp 2 based carbon samples containing defects. As graphene is the building block for all these materials, we try to bridge these two worlds by also reviewing the use of Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of graphene and nanographenes (e.g., nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanocones, bombarded graphene). Counterintuitively, because of the Dirac cones in the electronic structure of graphene, Raman spectra are driven by electronic properties: Phonons and electrons being coupled by the double resonance mechanism. This justifies the use of multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy to better characterize these materials. We conclude with the possible influence of both phonon confinement and curvature of aromatic planes on the shape of Raman spectra, and discuss samples to be studied in the future with some complementary technique (e.g., high resolution transmission electron microscopy) in order to disentangle the influence of structure and defects.

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Section: Very Defective Carbons: Pyrocarbons Coals and Sootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Guide to and Review of the Use of Multiwavelength Raman Spectroscopy for Characterizing Defective Aromatic Carbon Solids: from Graphene to Amorphous Carbons

2017

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“…The intensity ratio of D and G peak is ca. 0.41, manifesting CNAs is partially graphite, which is beneficial to enhance electrical conductivity [36]. After infusing sulfur into CNAs, the relative tests (XRD and Raman) are conducted to characterize phases (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-standing sulfur cathodes composited with carbon nanorods arrays for Li-S batteries application

Xia

Wang

et al. 2016

Materials Research Bulletin

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“…2), which means a large disorder in the raw and hydrogenated BagH 2 O samples. A precise de-convolution in four peaks (1350 (D1), 1500, 1260, and 1590 (G) cm −1 ) is performed, with a calculation of I D1 /I G ratio and FWHM-D1 (full width at half maximum for D1 band) ( Table 2) (Rouzaud et al 2013;Hu et al 2015). There is an increase of the I D1 /I G ratio after hydrogenation for the two series of ACs, and the FWHM-D1 practically does not change, which supposes that carbonization (formation of pure carbon without polyaromatic unit) of these materials grows with this treatment (Rouzaud et al 2013).…”

Section: Raman Resonance Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving of understanding of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) adsorption on activated carbons by temperature-programmed desorption studies

Passé-Coutrin¹,

Maisonneuve²,

Durimel³

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In order to understand the interactions between beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and chemical groups at activated carbon (AC) surface, the solid samples were hydrogenated aiming to decrease the amounts of oxygenated groups. Two AC samples designated by BagH2O and BagP1.5 were prepared by water vapor activation and phosphoric acid activation, respectively, of sugarcane bagasse used as an AC precursor. A more simple molecule 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) is used as a model of chlorinated compound. The AC were characterized by infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman resonance spectroscopies, as well as temperature-programmed desorption coupled with mass spectrometry (TPD-MS). BagP1.5 and BagH2O AC surface contained oxygenated groups. Upon hydrogenation, a decrease of most of these group amxounts was observed for both samples, while hydroxyl groups increased. On the basis of temperature-programmed desorption data obtained for AC samples contaminated with TCP or HCH, it was possible to determine the type of hydrogen bond formed between each AC and HCH.

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Raman spectroscopy study of the transformation of the carbonaceous skeleton of a polymer-based nanoporous carbon along the thermal annealing pathway

Cited by 160 publications

References 64 publications

A Guide to and Review of the Use of Multiwavelength Raman Spectroscopy for Characterizing Defective Aromatic Carbon Solids: from Graphene to Amorphous Carbons

A Guide to and Review of the Use of Multiwavelength Raman Spectroscopy for Characterizing Defective Aromatic Carbon Solids: from Graphene to Amorphous Carbons

Free-standing sulfur cathodes composited with carbon nanorods arrays for Li-S batteries application

Improving of understanding of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) adsorption on activated carbons by temperature-programmed desorption studies

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