Ranavirus in an outbreak of dermatophilosis in captive inland bearded dragons (<i>Pogona vitticeps</i>)

Tamukai, Kenichi; Tokiwa, Toshihiro; Kobayashi, Hideki; Une, Yumi

doi:10.1111/vde.12288

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Despite their significance, our knowledge of reptile pathogens, particularly viruses, remains limited. Indeed, to date, the only viruses known to infect bearded dragons are double-strand DNA viruses from the families Iridoviridae [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] and Adenoviridae [ 9 , 10 ], single-stranded DNA viruses from the Parvoviridae [ 11 , 12 , 13 ] and RNA viruses from the Paramyxoviridae [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Transcriptomic Discovery of a Divergent Circovirus and a Chaphamaparvovirus in Captive Reptiles with Proliferative Respiratory Syndrome

Chang

Hall

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Viral pathogens are being increasingly described in association with mass morbidity and mortality events in reptiles. However, our knowledge of reptile viruses remains limited. Herein, we describe the meta-transcriptomic investigation of a mass morbidity and mortality event in a colony of central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) in 2014. Severe, extensive proliferation of the respiratory epithelium was consistently found in affected dragons. Similar proliferative lung lesions were identified in bearded dragons from the same colony in 2020 in association with increased intermittent mortality. Total RNA sequencing identified two divergent DNA viruses: a reptile-infecting circovirus, denoted bearded dragon circovirus (BDCV), and the first exogeneous reptilian chaphamaparvovirus—bearded dragon chaphamaparvovirus (BDchPV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BDCV was most closely related to bat-associated circoviruses, exhibiting 70% amino acid sequence identity in the Replicase (Rep) protein. In contrast, in the nonstructural (NS) protein, the newly discovered BDchPV showed approximately 31%–35% identity to parvoviruses obtained from tilapia fish and crocodiles in China. Subsequent specific PCR assays revealed BDCV and BDchPV in both diseased and apparently normal captive reptiles, although only BDCV was found in those animals with proliferative pulmonary lesions and respiratory disease. This study expands our understanding of viral diversity in captive reptiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Transcriptomic Discovery of a Divergent Circovirus and a Chaphamaparvovirus in Captive Reptiles with Proliferative Respiratory Syndrome

Chang

Hall

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…In 2005, Marschang et al (2005) reported the first ranaviral infection in lizards. The reports of ranavirus infections in squamates have been, for the most part, restricted to groups of captive lizards, providing little evidence of the role of ranavirus infection in wild squamate populations (Stohr et al, 2013;Behncke et al, 2013;Stohr et al, 2015;Tamukai et al 2016). Although no epizootics have been reported, ranaviral DNA and seropositive animals have been detected in wild squamate populations (Alves de Matos et al, 2011, Ariel et al, 2017Goodman et al, 2018).…”

Section: -Squamata (Lizards and Snakes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maclaine et al (2018) recently demonstrated the susceptibility of an Australian lizard species (Intellagama lesueurii lesueurii) to ranaviral infection, documenting that clinical signs and histopathological changes varied with inoculation route. With increasing descriptions of ranaviral infected lizards over the last decade, an emerging trend suggests that skin lesions may be a common occurrence (Behncke et al, 2013;Stohr et al, 2013;Tamukai et al, 2016). Ranaviral infections are systemic, and there is often extensive damage to multiple organs during infection, especially the liver and spleen in reptiles.…”

Section: Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Ranaviruses and reptiles (v0.2)"

Kirschman¹

2018

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Ranaviruses can infect many vertebrate classes including fish, amphibians and reptiles, but for the most part, research has been focused on non-reptilian hosts, amphibians in particular. More recently, reports of ranaviral infections of reptiles are increasing with over 12 families of reptiles currently susceptible to ranaviral infection. Reptiles are infected by ranaviruses that are genetically similar to, or the same as, the viruses that infect amphibians and fish; however, physiological and ecological differences result in differences in study designs. Although ranaviral disease in reptiles is often influenced by host species, viral strain and environmental differences, general trends in pathogenesis are emerging. More experimental studies using a variety of reptile species, life stages and routes of transmission are required to unravel the complexity of wild ranavirus transmission. Further, our understanding of the reptilian immune response to ranaviral infection is still lacking, although the considerable amount of work conducted in amphibians will serve as a useful guide for future studies in reptiles.

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“…Chytridiomycosis in amphibians, white-nose syndrome in bats, and snake fungal disease (SFD) (Ophidiomycosis) have been known as serious fungal diseases that harm ecosystems [1][2][3][4] . SFD is caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (O. ophiodiicola) 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of emerging snake fungal disease caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola from Asia in imported captive snakes in Japan

Takami¹,

Une

Mitsui

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Snake fungal disease (SFD) (Ophidiomycosis) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola which has been affecting wild and captive snakes in North America, Europe, and Australia. We report the cases of 12 imported captive colubrid snakes in Japan suspected of having SFD. Pathological and microbiological examinations were performed, and the results confirmed the diagnosis of SFD in two snakes, which indicated that the remaining sympatrically raised snakes also had SFD since they exhibited similar lesions. The oral administration of ciprofloxacin in addition to itraconazole had a significant treatment effect. This is the first report of SFD in Asia caused by O. ophiodiicola. To prevent the expansion of SFD in the natural environment in Japan, there is a need to evaluate the SFD carrier status of imported snakes, the pathogenicity of the infection in native snakes, and the prevalence and distribution of SFD in wild and captive snakes. Measures also must be taken to prevent endemicity globally.

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Ranavirus in an outbreak of dermatophilosis in captive inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Meta-Transcriptomic Discovery of a Divergent Circovirus and a Chaphamaparvovirus in Captive Reptiles with Proliferative Respiratory Syndrome

Meta-Transcriptomic Discovery of a Divergent Circovirus and a Chaphamaparvovirus in Captive Reptiles with Proliferative Respiratory Syndrome

Peer Review #1 of "Ranaviruses and reptiles (v0.2)"

First report of emerging snake fungal disease caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola from Asia in imported captive snakes in Japan

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