Random bit generation using an optically injected semiconductor laser in chaos with oversampling

Li, Xiaozhou; Chan, Sze-Chun

doi:10.1364/ol.37.002163

Cited by 102 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nearly all experimental claims of QRNG to date implicitly or explicitly assume nonadversarial devices, with varying degrees of trust in their sources [2,3,[5][6][7][9][10][11][12][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. To take the best-known example, splitting a single photon on an ideal 50:50 beam splitter gives a random direction to the photon, and this direction can be measured to give one perfectly random bit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong experimental guarantees in ultrafast quantum random number generation

2015

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We describe a methodology and standard of proof for experimental claims of quantum random-number generation (QRNG), analogous to well-established methods from precision measurement. For appropriately constructed physical implementations, lower bounds on the quantum contribution to the average min-entropy can be derived from measurements on the QRNG output. Given these bounds, randomness extractors allow generation of nearly perfect " -random" bit streams. An analysis of experimental uncertainties then gives experimentally derived confidence levels on the randomness of these sequences. We demonstrate the methodology by application to phase-diffusion QRNG, driven by spontaneous emission as a trusted randomness source. All other factors, including classical phase noise, amplitude fluctuations, digitization errors, and correlations due to finite detection bandwidth, are treated with paranoid caution, i.e., assuming the worst possible behaviors consistent with observations. A data-constrained numerical optimization of the distribution of untrusted parameters is used to lower bound the average min-entropy. Under this paranoid analysis, the QRNG remains efficient, generating at least 2.3 quantum random bits per symbol with 8-bit digitization and at least 0.83 quantum random bits per symbol with binary digitization at a confidence level of 0.999 93. The result demonstrates ultrafast QRNG with strong experimental guarantees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong experimental guarantees in ultrafast quantum random number generation

2015

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“…If it was replaced with an all-optical multibit quantizer such as that in [48], the bit rates would be much faster. We also note that there have been recently a large number of optoelectronic proposals expected to generate ultrahigh speed random bits by applying different multibit extraction for one sample and postprocessing of bits [22]- [26]. However, their ultrafast bit rates are only estimates in theory through offline processing of experimental stochastic time series recorded with multibit ADCs.…”

Section: B Merits and Prospect Of All-optical Trngsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Tunable All-Optical Physical Random Number Generator Based on Direct Quantization of Chaotic Self-Pulsations in Two-Section Semiconductor Lasers

Wang

et al. 2013

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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We present numerically an all-optical approach to generate fast physical random numbers. This approach is based on chaotic self-pulsations, a kind of chaos superimposed on periodic pulse trains. Two-section semiconductor lasers (TSSLs) can exhibit this phenomenon of chaos, under an appropriate external optical injection. Simulations demonstrate that, without sampling and postprocessing procedures, this technique can produce random numbers at gigabit per second rates through directly quantizing the chaotic self-pulsations via an all-optical flip-flop. Further simulation results show that the random number generation rate can be continuously and easily tuned in a large range from 5 to 10 Gb/s by adjusting some control parameters of the TSSL subject to continuous-wave optical injection, such as injection strength, frequency detuning, gain current, and absorber bias. Moreover, our numerical studies show that these generated random numbers sequences above with the proposed method can pass successfully standard benchmark tests for randomness.

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“…Processes used include radioactive decay [7], two-path splitting of single photons [8], photon number path entanglement [9], amplified spontaneous emission [10], measurement of the phase noise of a laser [11][12][13], photon arrival time [14], and vacuum-seeded bistable processes [15]. These physical RNGs and QRNGs show a trade-off between speed of generation and surety of the random bits generated: chaotic and ASE sources [5,6,16,17] reach hundreds of Gbps using signals that include contributions from both random and in-principle predictable sources, e.g. detector noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-fast quantum randomness generation by accelerated phase diffusion in a pulsed laser diode

Abellán¹,

Amaya²,

Jofre³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

141

137

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Abstract:We demonstrate a high bit-rate quantum random number generator by interferometric detection of phase diffusion in a gain-switched DFB laser diode. Gain switching at few-GHz frequencies produces a train of bright pulses with nearly equal amplitudes and random phases. An unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used to interfere subsequent pulses and thereby generate strong random-amplitude pulses, which are detected and digitized to produce a high-rate random bit string. Using established models of semiconductor laser field dynamics, we predict a regime of high visibility interference and nearly complete vacuum-fluctuation-induced phase diffusion between pulses. These are confirmed by measurement of pulse power statistics at the output of the interferometer. Using a 5.825 GHz excitation rate and 14-bit digitization, we observe 43 Gbps quantum randomness generation.

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Random bit generation using an optically injected semiconductor laser in chaos with oversampling

Cited by 102 publications

References 17 publications

Strong experimental guarantees in ultrafast quantum random number generation

Strong experimental guarantees in ultrafast quantum random number generation

Fast and Tunable All-Optical Physical Random Number Generator Based on Direct Quantization of Chaotic Self-Pulsations in Two-Section Semiconductor Lasers

Ultra-fast quantum randomness generation by accelerated phase diffusion in a pulsed laser diode

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