Random Copolymers from Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 by Reactive Extrusion: Synthesis, Eutectic Phase Behavior, and Polymorphism

Telen, Lien; Puyvelde, Peter Van; Goderis, Bart

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00976

Cited by 48 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Hence, only melting enthalpies are reported. Earlier research on random PA 6/66 and PA 11/12 copolymers shows a significant influence of comonomer ratio on the observed melting point, which corroborates the assumption of an equal sample composition of the copolymers utilized in this study, since they presented almost identical melting temperatures [54,55].…”

Section: Simulation Of Ir Thermal Profilessupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry

et al. 2019

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Although semi-crystalline polymers are associated with considerably better mechanical properties and thermal stability compared to their amorphous counterparts, using them as feedstock for Fused Filament Fabrication still poses some major challenges. Hence, the development of printed part crystallinity during printing should be fully understood in order to control the developed weld strength, as well as part shrinkage and warpage. Infrared thermography was utilized to record the thermal history of deposited layers while printing a single-layer wall geometry, employing two PA 6/66 copolymers with distinct molecular weights as feedstock. Print settings were varied to establish which settings are essential to effectively monitor final part crystallinity. The resulting temperature profiles were simulated in a Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry device that allows for the rapid heating and cooling rates experienced by the printed polymer. Both liquefier temperature and print speed were found to have very little influence on the total attained crystallinity. It became apparent that the build plate, set at a temperature above the polymer’s glass transition temperature, imposes a considerable annealing effect on the printed part. A reduced molecular weight was observed to enhance crystallinity even more strongly. The presented methodology proves that Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry is an effective tool to assess the impact of both print parameters and feedstock characteristics on the crystallization behavior of semi-crystalline polymers over the course of printing.

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Section: Simulation Of Ir Thermal Profilessupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry

et al. 2019

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“…These relatively poor mechanical properties by addition of over 30 wt % of DA content could limit its applications. The strain at break of PA11 100 was 346%, similar to the literature values . As the amount of the DA increased in the copolymers, the strain at break was increased further to 434, 452, 538, 560, and 631% for 2.5, 5.0, 10, 30, and 50 wt % of added DA, respectively [Figure (b)].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Toughened and hydrophobically modified polyamide 11 copolymers with dimer acids derived from waste vegetable oil

Park

Lee

Kim

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of dimer acid (DA)-modified polyamide 11 copolymers is synthesized via melt polycondensation from 11-aminoundecanoic acid, hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), and DA, prepared by the hydrolysis of waste vegetable oil and a subsequent Diels-Alder reaction. The molecular structures and the polymers' molar masses are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography. The thermal and mechanical properties are modified with increasing the composition of DA in PA copolymers by increasing the chain irregularity of the PA, thereby reducing the hydrogen bonding strength of the amide groups. Finally, water contact angle and water absorption experiments show that the hydrophobicity of DA-modified PA copolymers is increased as compared to neat PA11. As a result, these thermoplastic materials could offer improved sustainability and performances by the addition of renewable DA monomer in PA copolymers.

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“…The large steric hindrance of aromatic radicals and the copolymerization disrupting the well-defined structures and hydrogen bonding may be responsible for this observation. In addition, the T m of the commercially available PA11 and PA12 are about 190 and 180 °C [39], respectively, which is almost the same as the PA6-BABT/SA 10 and PA6-BABT/SA 20 copolyamides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Low Melting Temperature Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyamides Derived from Novel Bio-Based Semi Aromatic Monomer

et al. 2018

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This work investigated the synthesis of a novel low melting temperature polyamide 6 (PA6) copolyamide (PA6-BABT/SA) with different aliphatic/aromatic units weight content using a melt poly-condensation process. The bio-based aromatic N1,N4-bis(4-aminobutyl) terephthalamide diamine (BABT) and long-chain aromatic polyamide salt (BABT/SA, salt of BABT, and sebacic acid), components used for the synthesis of copolyamides, were obtained from bio-based monomers. For the first time, the pertinent BABT/SA aromatic polyamide salt was isolated as a white solid and completely characterized. By varying the weight ratio of BABT/SA salt, a series of copolyamides with different molecular weights and physical properties were prepared. The aromatic BABT/SA salt disrupted crystallization of the final copolyamides and lowered the onset of melting. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results indicated a steady decrease in the degrees of crystallinity with increasing BABT/SA salt segment ratio. Furthermore, compared to neat PA6, the obtained PA6-BABT/SA copolymers possessed a similar thermal stability and high transparency, but lower glass transition temperature around human body temperature. The PA6-BABT/SA copolymers with number-average molecular weight ≥30,000 Da presented good mechanical properties, specifically showing excellent tensile strength and elongation at break up to 105.2 MPa and 218.3%, respectively.

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Random Copolymers from Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 by Reactive Extrusion: Synthesis, Eutectic Phase Behavior, and Polymorphism

Cited by 48 publications

References 50 publications

Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry

Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry

Toughened and hydrophobically modified polyamide 11 copolymers with dimer acids derived from waste vegetable oil

Synthesis of Low Melting Temperature Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyamides Derived from Novel Bio-Based Semi Aromatic Monomer

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