Random measurement error and regression dilution bias

Hutcheon, Jennifer A.; Chioléro, Arnaud; Hanley, James A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.c2289

Cited by 618 publications

(535 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…On the other hand, an underestimation of a true inverse association between F&V consumption and the risk of chronic disease may happen in any epidemiological study because of imprecise dietary measurements, regressiondilution bias (38) or limited between-subjects variability in F&V consumption (33) . Some degree of non-differential misclassification (measurement error) is unavoidable in nutritional epidemiology and may account for losing the ability to detect some real associations if they are not strong enough.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low consumption of fruit and vegetables and risk of chronic disease: a review of the epidemiological evidence and temporal trends among Spanish graduates

Martínez‐González

Fuente-Arrillaga

López-del-Burgo

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To review the evidence on the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption and risk of chronic disease, and to assess trends in the prevalence of low F&V consumption. Design: Systematic review and cross-sectional analyses of a Mediterranean cohort. Setting: The Seguimiento University of Navarra (SUN) project (Spanish dynamic cohort of graduates). Subjects: A systematic review of prospective studies aimed to assess the relationship between fruit and/or vegetables consumption and chronic disease incidence was conducted. We also assessed 18 457 university graduates (59?4 % women; mean age 5 39 (SD 12) years) enrolled in a dynamic cohort with permanently open recruitment. Baseline data were collected between 1999 and 2010 using a validated 136-item FFQ. Four definitions for low F&V consumption were used (,400 g/d, ,200 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) per d, #2 servings/d and #1 serving/d). Multivariate-adjusted cross-sectional associations between the prevalence of low F&V consumption and the year of recruitment were estimated. Results: The systematic review found that a high F&V consumption is inversely associated with CVD incidence and mortality. This association is not so clear for cancer. Inconsistent findings have been reported for diabetes. In all, 13 % of participants in the SUN cohort did not meet the goal of consuming at least 400 g/d of F&V and 2?1 % of them did not reach .1 serving/d. Between 1999 and 2010 the consumption of F&V significantly increased. Conclusions: Even among health-conscious university graduates, low F&V consumption is fairly prevalent. Although the temporal trends suggest an improvement, preventive strategies addressed to increase F&V consumption are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low consumption of fruit and vegetables and risk of chronic disease: a review of the epidemiological evidence and temporal trends among Spanish graduates

Martínez‐González

Fuente-Arrillaga

López-del-Burgo

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Procedures such as errors-in-variables regression can produce unbiased estimates, but rely on knowing the reliability or the within-person standard deviation to correct these effects. Hence our estimates are also important to those using such measures as confounding variables [12].…”

Section: Reliability Of Orthostatic Hypotension and Related Classificmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical diagnoses require repeatable and robust biomarkers with well characterised intra-and inter-individual variability [11], while in research, knowledge of measurement error is used in power calculations, to select outcome measures and to reduce errors associated with incomplete correction of confounding and regression dilution bias [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of orthostatic beat-to-beat blood pressure tests: implications for population and clinical studies

Finucane

Kenny

2017

Clin Auton Res

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ObjectiveTo assess the test-retest reliability of orthostatic beat-to-beat blood pressure responses to active standing and related clinical definitions of orthostatic hypotension. MethodsA random sample of community dwelling older adults from the pan-European Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, Ireland underwent a health assessment which mimicked that of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. An active stand test was performed using continuous blood pressure measurements. Participants attended a repeat assessment 4-12 weeks after the initial measurement. A mixed-effects regression model estimated the reliability and minimum detectable change while controlling for fixed observer and time of day effects. ResultsA total of 125 individuals underwent repeat assessment (mean age 66.2±7.5;55.6% women).Mean time between visits was 84.3±23.3 days. There was no significant mean difference in heart rate or blood pressure recovery variables between the first and repeat assessments.Minimum detectable change was noted for changes from resting values in systolic blood pressure(26.4mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure(13.7mmHg) at 110 seconds and for changes in heart rate(10.9bpm) from resting values at 30 seconds after standing. Intra-class correlation values ranged from 0.47 for nadir values to 0.80 for heart rate and systolic blood pressure values measured 110 seconds after standing. ConclusionContinuous orthostatic beat-to-beat blood pressure and related clinical definitions show moderate reliability and substantial natural variation over a 4-12 week period.Understanding variation in measures is essential for study design or estimating the effects of orthostatic hypotension, while clinically it can be used when evaluating longer term treatment effects.

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“…Regression dilution, due to the use of unreliable exposure measures generally causes attenuation of risk estimates. 40 The reliability of plasma vitamins and carotenoids has been estimated in a subsample of the two Dutch cohorts within EPIC previously. 41 The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of two samples (measured 2-5 years apart) ranged between 0.17 for plasma a-tocopherol to 0.50 for vitamin C. These (moderately) low ICC values may have caused an underestimation of associations with CRC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C and E and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

et al. 2014

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Carotenoids and vitamins A, C and E are possibly associated with a reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through antioxidative properties. The association of prediagnostic plasma concentrations and dietary consumption of carotenoids and vitamins A, C and E with the risk of colon and rectal cancer was examined in this case–control study, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Plasma concentrations of carotenoids (α‐ and β‐carotene, canthaxanthin, β‐cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin) and vitamins A (retinol), C and E (α‐, β‐ and γ‐ and δ‐tocopherol) and dietary consumption of β‐carotene and vitamins A, C and E were determined in 898 colon cancer cases, 501 rectal cancer cases and 1,399 matched controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were performed to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). An association was observed between higher prediagnostic plasma retinol concentration and a lower risk of colon cancer (IRR for highest quartile = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.87, p for trend = 0.01), most notably proximal colon cancer (IRR for highest quartile = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.77, p for trend = 0.01). Additionally, inverse associations for dietary β‐carotene and dietary vitamins C and E with (distal) colon cancer were observed. Although other associations were suggested, there seems little evidence for a role of these selected compounds in preventing CRC through their antioxidative properties.

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Random measurement error and regression dilution bias

Cited by 618 publications

References 29 publications

Low consumption of fruit and vegetables and risk of chronic disease: a review of the epidemiological evidence and temporal trends among Spanish graduates

Low consumption of fruit and vegetables and risk of chronic disease: a review of the epidemiological evidence and temporal trends among Spanish graduates

Reliability of orthostatic beat-to-beat blood pressure tests: implications for population and clinical studies

Plasma and dietary carotenoids and vitamins A, C and E and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

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