Randomised clinical trial: oral taurine supplementation versus placebo reduces muscle cramps in patients with chronic liver disease

Vidot, Helen; Cvejic, Erin; Carey, Sharon; Strasser, Simone I.; McCaughan, Geoffrey W.; Allman‐Farinelli, Margaret; Shackel, Nicholas

doi:10.1111/apt.14950

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Of particular note, ingestion of 0.4-6 g taurine per day for various days improved (1) metabolic profiles in blood (including reductions in total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol), and (2) cardiovascular functions in healthy subjects, as well as in patients with overweight, diabetes, hypertension, or congestive heart failure (Militante and Lombardini 2002;Xu et al 2008). In addition, oral administration of 2 g taurine/day for 4 weeks resulted in clinically significant reductions in the frequency, duration, and intensity of muscle cramps in patients with chronic liver disease (Vidot et al 2018). Furthermore, long-term oral administration of taurine (9 or 12 g per day) for 52 weeks can effectively reduce the recurrence of stroke-like episodes in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), a rare genetic disorder caused by point mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (Ohsawa et al 2019).…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Taurine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

2020

Amino Acids

352

192

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Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-l-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-l-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health.

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Section: Health Benefits Of Taurine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

2020

Amino Acids

352

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Taurine has been studied clinically in different diseases. The frequency, duration and intensity of muscle cramps were reduced by taurine treatment (2 g per day, p.o) in a recent clinical study on patients with chronic liver disease [167]. Among the different neurological disorders, the clinical study of taurine has been investigated in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency [168] and stroke [169].…”

Section: Clinical Study Of Taurine In Neurological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine and its analogs in neurological disorders: Focus on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms

et al. 2019

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Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid and known as semi-essential in mammals and is produced chiefly by the liver and kidney. It presents in different organs, including retina, brain, heart and placenta and demonstrates extensive physiological activities within the body. In the several disease models, it attenuates inflammation- and oxidative stress-mediated injuries. Taurine also modulates ER stress, Ca 2+ homeostasis and neuronal activity at the molecular level as part of its broader roles. Different cellular processes such as energy metabolism, gene expression, osmosis and quality control of protein are regulated by taurine. In addition, taurine displays potential ameliorating effects against different neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy and diabetic neuropathy and protects against injuries and toxicities of the nervous system. Several findings demonstrate its therapeutic role against neurodevelopmental disorders, including Angelman syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, sleep-wake disorders, neural tube defects and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Considering current biopharmaceutical limitations, developing novel delivery approaches and new derivatives and precursors of taurine may be an attractive option for treating neurological disorders. Herein, we present an overview on the therapeutic potential of taurine against neurological disorders and highlight clinical studies and its molecular mechanistic roles. This article also addresses the neuropharmacological potential of taurine analogs.

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“…On the other hand, this amino acid is under clinical trials for the management of several diseases [99]. Previous studies mentioned the positive effects of TAU on cholestasis/cirrhosis [14,78,84,86,[99][100][101][102][103][104][105]. Therefore, TAU might be readily administered in cholestatic patients to prevent renal injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine mitigates bile duct obstruction-associated cholemic nephropathy: effect on oxidative stress and mitochondrial parameters

Abdoli¹,

Sadeghian²,

Azarpira³

et al. 2021

ceh

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Aim of the study: Cholestasis is a serious complication affecting other organs such as the liver and kidney. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment are proposed as the primary mechanisms for cholestasis-induced organ injury. Taurine (TAU) is the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, which is not incorporated in the structure of proteins. Several pharmacological effects have been attributed to TAU. It has been reported that TAU effectively mitigated oxidative stress and modulated mitochondrial function. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of TAU on oxidative stress biomarkers and mitochondrial parameters in the kidney of cholestatic animals. Material and methods: Bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were used as an antioxidant model of cholestasis. Animals were treated with TAU (500 and 1000 mg/kg, oral) for seven consecutive days. Animals were anesthetized (thiopental 80 mg/kg, i.p.), and kidney and blood specimens were collected. Results: Severe elevation in serum and urine biomarkers of renal injury was evident in the BDL group. Significant lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and protein carbonylation were detected in the kidney of BDL animals. Furthermore, depleted glutathione reservoirs and a significant decrease in the antioxidant capacity of renal tissue were detected in cholestatic rats. Renal tubular atrophy and interstitial inflammation were evident in BDL animals. Cholestasis also caused significant mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney. TAU significantly prevented cholestasis-induced renal injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. Conclusions: These data indicate TAU as a potential therapeutic agent in the management of cholestasis-induced renal injury.

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Randomised clinical trial: oral taurine supplementation versus placebo reduces muscle cramps in patients with chronic liver disease

Cited by 43 publications

References 36 publications

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health

Taurine and its analogs in neurological disorders: Focus on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms

Taurine mitigates bile duct obstruction-associated cholemic nephropathy: effect on oxidative stress and mitochondrial parameters

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