Randomized Controlled Trial of Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acid Supplementation to Reduce Inflammatory Markers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Keim, Sarah A.; Jude, Abigail; Smith, Katie; Khan, Aiman; Coury, Daniel L.; Rausch, Joseph R.; Udaipuria, Shivika; Norris, Megan; Bartram, Lindsay R.; Narayanan, Anita; Rogers, Lynette K.

doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05396-9

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“… 33 , 34 Furthermore, a retrospective population‐based study showed that certain fatty acid‐related biomarkers were positively associated with late diagnosis of ASD, while others were negatively correlated with late diagnosis of ASD. 35 These findings suggest that dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism may play a role in the development of the disorder. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the link between fatty acid metabolism and ASD still require further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cholesterol is transported through lipoproteins in the blood with fatty acid esterification, highlighting the close relationship between fatty acid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism 33,34 . Furthermore, a retrospective population‐based study showed that certain fatty acid‐related biomarkers were positively associated with late diagnosis of ASD, while others were negatively correlated with late diagnosis of ASD 35 . These findings suggest that dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism may play a role in the development of the disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Metabolomic analysis of plasma biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorders

Liu,

Tan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

MedComm

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a significant risk to human well‐being and has emerged as a worldwide public health concern. Twenty‐eight children with ASD and 33 healthy children (HC) were selected for the quantitative determination of their plasma metabolites using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) platform. A total of 1997 metabolites were detected in the study cohort, from which 116 metabolites were found to be differentially expressed between the ASD and HC groups. Through analytical algorithms such as least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), three potential metabolic markers were identified as FAHFA (18:1(9Z)/9‐O‐18:0), DL‐2‐hydroxystearic acid, and 7(S),17(S)‐dihydroxy‐8(E),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)‐docosapentaenoic acid. These metabolites demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing the ASD group from the HC group, as indicated by the area under curves (AUCs) of 0.935, 0.897, and 0.963 for the three candidate biomarkers, respectively. The samples were divided into training and validation sets according to 7:3. Diagnostic models were constructed using logistic regression (LR), SVM, and RF. The constructed three‐biomarker diagnostic model also exhibited strong discriminatory efficacy. These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the occurrence of ASD and provide a valuable reference for clinical diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Metabolomic analysis of plasma biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorders

Liu,

Tan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

MedComm

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“…Eight studies have been identified exploring the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in ASD [58][59][60][61]66,68,75,78]. Among them, four reported an improvement in ASD symptoms [85][86][87][88].…”

Section: Autism Spectrum Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms by which fatty acids might improve ASD symptoms are not well understood, which led us to hypothesize that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation would interrupt detrimental neurological pathways by reducing inflammation. Keim et al [78] evaluated the effect of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid supplementation for 90 days in children (ages 2 < 6 years) recently diagnosed with ASD. The authors found that treatment increased omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels (1.40 mol% for EPA and 1.62 mol% for DHA) and reduced IL-2 levels compared to placebo (−0.17 pg/mL, 95% CI −0.31, −0.02, d = −0.62).…”

Section: Autism Spectrum Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review

Bozzatello,

Novelli,

Montemagni

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Correct nutrition and diet are directly correlated with mental health, functions of the immune system, and gut microbiota composition. Diets with a high content of some nutrients, such as fibers, phytochemicals, and short-chain fatty acids (omega-3 fatty acids), seem to have an anti-inflammatory and protective action on the nervous system. Among nutraceuticals, supplementation of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids plays a role in improving symptoms of several mental disorders. In this review, we collect data on the efficacy of nutraceuticals in patients with schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of recent evidence obtained on this topic, pointing out the direction for future research.

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“…In particular, early life nutritional exposures, especially during critical or sensitive periods, are significant determinants of both growth and development and later health ( 100 ). Specifically, omega-3 PUFAs supplementation during pregnancy seems to increase omega-3 PUFAs status of the newborn ( 94 ), influencing immune function by acting on cytokine concentrations ( 95 , 96 ) and attenuating lipid peroxidation in the newborn ( 101 ).Various RCTs involving children and adolescents with specific pathological conditions (i.e., autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and cystic fibrosis) have demonstrated the role of omega-3 PUFAs in countering pro-inflammatory mediators after birth ( 102–104 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 polyunsatured fatty acids and physical performance across the lifespan: a narrative review

Azzolino,

Bertoni,

De Cosmi

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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Background and AimsPhysical performance is a major contributor of mobility and independence during older life. Despite a progressive decline in musculoskeletal function starts from middle age, several factors acting during the life-course can negatively influence musculoskeletal functional capacities. Lifestyle interventions incorporating nutrition and physical exercise can help maximizing the muscle functional capacities in early life as well as preserving them later in life. Among various dietary compounds, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are gaining growing attention for their potential effects on muscle membrane composition and muscle function. Indeed, several pathways are enhanced, such as an attenuation of pro-inflammatory oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and reduction of insulin resistance.MethodsWe performed a narrative review to explore the existing literature on the relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and physical performance across the life-course.ResultsGrowing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs on muscle function, including physical performance parameters in mid to later life. On the other hand, despite a direct association in early life is not available in literature, some mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs may contribute to improved adult physical performance could be hypothesized.ConclusionOmega-3 PUFAs are gaining growing attention for their positive effect on muscle function parameters. The integration of physical function measures in future studies would be of great interest to explore whether omega-3 PUFAs could contribute to improved muscle function, starting from early life and extending throughout the lifespan. However, larger and high-quality RCTs are needed to fully elucidate the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation on muscle mass and function.

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Randomized Controlled Trial of Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acid Supplementation to Reduce Inflammatory Markers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Metabolomic analysis of plasma biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorders

Metabolomic analysis of plasma biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorders

Nutraceuticals in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review

Omega-3 polyunsatured fatty acids and physical performance across the lifespan: a narrative review

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