Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione

Richie, John P.; Nichenametla, Sailendra N.; Neidig, Wanda; Calcagnotto, Ana; Haley, Jeremy S.; Schell, Todd D.; Muscat, Joshua E.

doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0706-z

Cited by 96 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Oxidant/antioxidant balance may serve an important role in a number of the processes of inflammation and fibrosis (33). GSH is an abundant endogenous antioxidant and a critical regulator of oxidative stress (34,35). The GSH level and the ratio of GSH to GSSG (GSH/GSSG) serve a role in the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative stress (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoxetine protects against methamphetamine-induced lung inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress through the SERT/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats

Wang

Liu

et al. 2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a major public health and safety concern throughout the world and a growing burden on healthcare costs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of fluoxetine against MA-induced chronic pulmonary inflammation and to evaluate the potential role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidative stress. Wistar rats were divided into control, MA and two fluoxetine-treated groups. Rats in the MA and the two fluoxetine-treated groups were treated daily with intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg MA twice daily. Rats in the two fluoxetine-treated groups were injected intragastrically with fluoxetine (2 and 10 mg/kg) once daily, respectively. After 5 weeks, the rats were euthanized and hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and redox assay were performed. It was demonstrated that chronic exposure to MA can induce pulmonary inflammation in rats, with the symptoms of inflammatory cell infiltration, crowded lung parenchyma, thickened septum and a reduced number of alveolar sacs. Fluoxetine attenuated pulmonary inflammation and the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in rat lungs. Fluoxetine inhibited MA-induced increases in the expression levels of serotonin transporter (SERT) and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and reversed the MA-induced decrease in nuclear Nrf2 and human heme oxygenase-1 in lungs. Fluoxetine at 10 mg/kg significantly reversed the reduced glutathione (GSH) level, the ratio of GSH/oxidized glutathione, and the reactive oxygen species level in rat lungs from the MA group. These findings suggested that fluoxetine, a SERT inhibitor, has a protective effect against MA-induced lung inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress through the SERT/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoxetine protects against methamphetamine-induced lung inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress through the SERT/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats

Wang

Liu

et al. 2016

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…A previous clinical trial showed no significant differences of plasma glutathione level after single oral dose of GSH (3 g) and another clinical trial reported that the glutathione level was unchanged after oral GSH supplementation (1000 mg/day) for 1 month . On the other hand, a recent clinical trial revealed that glutathione level in blood increased after oral glutathione supplement (250 and 1000 mg/day) for 1, 3, and 6 months in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner . In addition, the glutathione level was also elevated in plasma, erythrocytes and buccal cells at 6 months after long‐term supplementation with GSH (1000 mg/day) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The clinical effect of glutathione on skin color and other related skin conditions: A systematic review

Dilokthornsakul

Dhippayom

Dilokthornsakul

2019

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Summary Background Glutathione is one of agents which is commonly used to lighten skin color in Asia as a dietary supplement. Previous studies suggest its potential effect of glutathione on skin color. However, the clinical efficacy of glutathione in oral form is still questionable due to its limited absorption and bioavailability. Aim To determine the clinical effects of glutathione on skin color and related skin conditions. Patients/Methods A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched from inceptions to October 2017. All clinical studies evaluating the effect of glutathione on any skin effects in healthy volunteer were included. Results A total of four studies were included. Three studies were RCTs with placebo control, while one was a single‐arm trial. One study used topical form, while others used oral form of glutathione with 250 to 500 mg/day. We found that both oral glutathione with the dosage of 500 mg/day and topical 2.0% oxidized glutathione could brighten skin color in sun‐exposed area measured by skin melanin index. No significant differences in the reduction in skin melanin index were observed in sun‐protected area for any products. In addition, glutathione also has a trend to improve skin wrinkle, skin elasticity, and UV spots. Some adverse events but nonserious were reported. Conclusions Current evidence of the skin whitening effect of glutathione is still inconclusive due to the quality of included studies and inconsistent findings. However, there is a trend that glutathione might brighten skin color at skin‐exposed area.

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“…It has already been reported that sending and receiving official emails induce more stress among employees especially during information gathering (reading) and sharing (sending) activities resulting in enhanced blood pressure and heart rate. 48 The capacity of clove to naturally enhance the GSH levels to a significant extent assumes importance. The observed levels of upregulation upon Clovinol consumption were found to be 10 to 15% better than some of the early reported effects of green tea extracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the flavour: a de-flavoured polyphenol rich extract of clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum L) as a novel dietary antioxidant ingredient

Gopakumar

et al. 2015

Food Funct.

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Though kitchen spices constitute an important source of dietary antioxidants, their consumption at a physiologically relevant dose is very often hampered by their unpleasant flavour characteristics. The present paper describes a novel approach to derive stable de-flavoured spice extracts with minimised taste and odour profiles which are suitable for impregnation into a variety of food and beverage matrices at physiologically relevant doses. A popular kitchen spice, clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum L), having strong flavour and pungency characteristics was selected in the present study to derive a de-flavoured extract with a standardised polyphenolic profile (Clovinol) and was incorporated into various foods. The antioxidant efficacy of Clovinol on healthy human volunteers who check and answer official emails involving responsibility was investigated by analysing their endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the extent of lipid peroxidation upon consumption of Clovinol either as capsules or in a different food/beverage at 250 mg per serving per day for 30 days. It was observed that Clovinol can be conveniently incorporated in various food matrices without flavour issues and the consumption of such food/beverage items may support an effective detoxification process with an average elevation of 33 ± 3% in catalase, 66 ± 8% in SOD, 56 ± 5% in GPx and 167 ± 21% in GSH levels, and 81 ± 11% attenuation in membrane lipid peroxidation level.

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Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione

Abstract: These findings show, for the first time, that daily consumption of GSH supplements was effective at increasing body compartment stores of GSH.

Cited by 96 publications

References 65 publications

Fluoxetine protects against methamphetamine-induced lung inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress through the SERT/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats

Fluoxetine protects against methamphetamine-induced lung inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress through the SERT/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats

The clinical effect of glutathione on skin color and other related skin conditions: A systematic review

Beyond the flavour: a de-flavoured polyphenol rich extract of clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum L) as a novel dietary antioxidant ingredient

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