Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of 2 Dosages of Sustained-Release Bupropion for Adolescent Smoking Cessation

Murãmoto, Myra L.; Leischow, Scott J.; Sherrill, Duane L.; Matthews, Eva; Strayer, Louise J.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.11.1068

Cited by 79 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The pooled data for each smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, with smoking abstinence defined using the most rigorous criterion available, are shown in Figure 2 (bupropion [2][3][4][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] ), Figure 3 (nicotine gum [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] ), Figure 4 (transdermal nicotine 13, ) and Figure 5 (varenicline [2][3][4][5]60,61 ) and in online Appendix 6 (nicotine inhaler), Appendix 7 (nicotine nasal spray) and Appendix 8 (nicotine tablet). (The appendices are available at www.cmaj .ca/cgi/content/full/179/2/135/DC2).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Eisenberg¹,

Filion²,

Yavin³

et al. 2008

Canadian Medical Association Journal

273

181

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Health Canada recently approved the use of varenicline as a pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Varenicline works by stimulating dopamine, which results in reduced cravings and withdrawal symptoms. The drug also blocks nicotine receptors, which prevents the dopamine release associated with nicotine consumption. 1The drug has been examined in a few small randomized controlled trials.2-5 Despite limited evidence concerning its use, varenicline is viewed by many clinicians and researchers as the most effective smoking cessation aid. Consequently, there is a need for a systematic assessment of the effectiveness of varenicline relative to placebo. Furthermore, there is a need to compare the efficacy of varenicline with that of existing pharmacotherapies, including sustained-release bupropion and approved nicotine replacement therapies.We undertook a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of 7 pharmacotherapies approved for smoking cessation. We had 3 objectives: to summarize the efficacy of each pharmacotherapy; to undertake a direct comparison of varenicline and bupropion by analyzing trials that contained both varenicline and bupropion treatment arms; and to undertake an indirect comparison of all 7 pharmacotherapies using the results of the individual trials.

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Section: Efficacy Of Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Eisenberg¹,

Filion²,

Yavin³

et al. 2008

Canadian Medical Association Journal

273

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One found decreased rates of smoking during the 6-week course of bupropion but no difference compared with placebo after the medication was discontinued. 100 The second found substantial improvement in abstinence with the nicotine patch over placebo at end of treatment, but nicotine gum, marked by poor adherence, did not differ from placebo. 101 …”

Section: Pharmacotherapymentioning

confidence: 94%

State-of-the-Art Office-Based Interventions to Eliminate Youth Tobacco Use: The Past Decade

Pbert¹,

Farber

Horn

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

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Tobacco use and tobacco smoke exposure are among the most important preventable causes of premature disease, disability, and death and therefore constitute a major pediatric health concern. The pediatric primary care setting offers excellent opportunities to prevent tobacco use in youth and to deliver cessation-related treatment to youth and parents who use tobacco. This report updates a \u22state-of-the-art\u22 article published a decade ago on office-based interventions to address these issues. Since then there has been marked progress in understanding the nature, onset, and trajectories of tobacco use and nicotine addiction in youth with implications for clinical practice. In addition, clinicians need to remain abreast of emerging nicotine delivery systems, such as electronic cigarettes, that may influence uptake or continuation of smoking. Although evidence-based practice guidelines for treating nicotine addiction in youth are not yet available, research continues to build the evidence base toward that goal. In the interim, practical guidelines are available to assist clinicians in addressing nicotine addiction in the pediatric clinical setting. This article reports current practices in addressing tobacco in pediatric primary care settings. It reviews our increasing understanding of youth nicotine addiction, summarizes research efforts on intervention in the past decade and additional research needed going forward, and provides practical guidelines for pediatric health care providers to integrate tobacco use prevention and treatment into their clinical practice. Pediatric providers can and should play an important role in addressing tobacco use and dependence, both in the youth they care for and in parents who use tobacco

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“…Although some trials reported higher absolute prevalence of smoking in the intervention groups than the control groups after completing the interventions, none was statis- tically significant. In the 3 trials reporting harms related to the use of bupropion (32,34,37), 1 trial found that a greater proportion of bupropion users (64%) reported an adverse effect than did those receiving the placebo (48%) (37). The other 2 studies, however, reported no increased risk for several specific adverse effects of bupropion, such as increased blood pressure or heart rate, nausea, sleep disturbance, headache, and cough (32, 34).…”

Section: Harms Of Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Care–Relevant Interventions for Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

Patnode¹,

O’Connor²,

Whitlock³

et al. 2013

Ann Intern Med

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Background: Interventions to prevent smoking uptake or encourage cessation among young persons might help prevent tobaccorelated illness.Purpose: To review the evidence for the efficacy and harms of primary care-relevant interventions that aim to reduce tobacco use among children and adolescents.Data Sources: Three systematic reviews that collectively covered the relevant literature; MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects through 14 September 2012; and manual searches of reference lists and gray literature.Study Selection: Two investigators independently reviewed 2453 abstracts and 111 full-text articles. English-language trials of behavior-based or medication interventions that were relevant to primary care and reported tobacco use, health outcomes, or harms were included. Data Extraction:One investigator abstracted data from good-and fair-quality trials into an evidence table, and a second checked these data.Data Synthesis: 19 trials (4 good-quality and 15 fair-quality) that were designed to prevent tobacco use initiation or promote cessation (or both) and reported self-reported smoking status or harms were included. Pooled analyses from a random-effects metaanalysis suggested a 19% relative reduction (risk ratio, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70 to 0.93]; absolute risk difference, Ϫ0.02 [CI, Ϫ0.03 to 0.00]) in smoking initiation among participants in behavior-based prevention interventions compared with control participants. Neither behavior-based nor bupropion cessation interventions improved cessation rates. Findings about the harms related to bupropion use were mixed. Limitations:No studies reported health outcomes. Interventions and measures were heterogeneous. Most trials examined only cigarette smoking. The body of evidence was largely published 5 to 15 years ago. Conclusion:Primary care-relevant interventions may prevent smoking initiation over 12 months in children and adolescents. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:253-260. www.annals.org For author affiliations, see end of text. This article was published at www.annals.org on 11 December 2012. T obacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. An estimated 443 000 deaths occur annually that are attributable to smoking (1). Despite the fact that the legal age for purchasing tobacco products in the United States is 18 years (2), every day more than 3800 children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years have their first cigarette, and an estimated 1000 young persons begin smoking on a daily basis (3). In 2011, 23.4% of high school students reported that they currently used a tobacco product (4,5).Reducing the prevalence of youth tobacco use can occur through 2 primary means: by decreasing the proportion of nonusing children who initiate tobacco use or by increasing the proportion of current users who quit. These strategies can occur within large community environments (mass media campaigns or state-level ...

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Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of 2 Dosages of Sustained-Release Bupropion for Adolescent Smoking Cessation

Cited by 79 publications

References 29 publications

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

State-of-the-Art Office-Based Interventions to Eliminate Youth Tobacco Use: The Past Decade

Primary Care–Relevant Interventions for Tobacco Use Prevention and Cessation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force

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