Randomized Forced Titration to Different Doses of Technosphere® Insulin Demonstrates Reduction in Postprandial Glucose Excursions and Hemoglobin A1c in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

This study demonstrated that, over 11 weeks, TI plus basal insulin glargine is well tolerated and results in dose-dependent reductions in postprandial glucose and HbA1c levels.

A Review of Inhaled Technosphere Insulin

“…Of the 227 patients enrolled in an 11-week study testing 4 doses of mealtime Technosphere insulin versus a Technosphere powder placebo on safety outcomes and glycemic control in people with T2DM, 7 patients withdrew due to treatment-emergent adverse events that included toothache (1), suspected hypersensitivity (1), hyperglycemia (4), and dissatisfaction with blood glucose levels during the placebo run-in period (1). 7 As can be expected, the most common treatment-emergent adverse events associated with Technosphere insulin use are hypoglycemia and cough. Table 2 provides a summary of select adverse event data from clinical trials involving Technosphere insulin.…”

“…Clinical studies with Technosphere insulin, which are discussed later, have reported insulin doses used as either "nominal units," with 12 nominal units defined as equal to approximately 3.12 units of subcutaneous regular human insulin, 6 or as dose equivalents of regular human insulin. 7 In clinical trials reported to date, Technosphere insulin has been used at doses ranging anywhere from 6 -198 nominal units. 6-9 AFREZZA cartridges will be available in several dosages to allow for individualization of therapy; however, the exact dosages that will be marketed, should AFREZZA receive FDA approval, are currently unknown.…”

New Insulins and New Aspects in Insulin Delivery

“…Microneedle intradermal delivery resulted in more rapid absorption of insulin, with decreased time to maximum insulin concentration. Intradermal maximum insulin absorption of lispro ranged from 36.0 to 46.4 minutes compared to subcutaneous maximum insulin absorption at 64.3 minutes (p<0.05) (77).…”

Inhaled Insulin: A Breath of Fresh Air? A Review of Inhaled Insulin

“…A dose characterization study was conducted in patients with uncontrolled T2DM (baseline HbA 1c , 7%-12%) evaluating force-titrated prandial TI compared with Technosphere placebo powder as add-on therapy to glargine. 46 Cartridges were loaded with 14, 28, 42, and 56 U of TI (corresponding to 3.6, 7.3, 10.9, and 14.6 unit equivalents to subcutaneous RHI) based on bioavailability of 26% reported in an earlier study. Dose titration occurred in respective groups unless symptomatic hypoglycemia was confirmed, and subsequently the glargine dose was reduced.…”