Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Derived Techniques

Abstract

Understanding biology and genetics at molecular level has become very important for dissection and manipulation of genome architecture for addressing evolutionary and taxonomic questions. Knowledge of genetic variation and genetic relationship among genotypes is an important consideration for classification, utilization of germplasm resources, and breeding. Molecular markers have contributed significantly in this respect and have been widely used in plant science in a number of ways, including genetic fingerprinting, diagnostics, identification of duplicates and selecting core collections, determination of genetic distances, genome analysis, developing molecular maps, and identification of markers associated with desirable breeding traits. The application of molecular markers largely depends on the type of markers employed, distribution of markers in the genome, type of loci they amplify, level of polymorphism, and reproducibility of products. Among many DNA markers available, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is the simplest and cost-effective and can be performed in a moderate laboratory for most of its applications. In addition RAPDs can touch much of the genome and has the advantage that no prior knowledge of the genome under research is necessary. The recent improvements in the RAPD technique like AP-PCR, SCAR, DAF, SRAP, CAPS, RAMPO, and RAHM can complement the shortcomings of RAPDs and have enhanced the utility of this simple technique for specific applications. Simple protocols for these techniques are presented.

Screening and Characterization of RAPD Markers in Viscerotropic Leishmania Parasites

“…Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a simple and rapid technique that does not require prior knowledge on the genomes to characterize organisms, using one randomly determined (usually a decamer) primer [29] , [30] . It is used for genetic characterization of a range of organisms, plants, animals or microorganisms for diverse purposes [31] – [35] , In case of Leishmania , taxonomy and typing were major applications [26] , [36] – [38] .…”

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Chinese Leishmania Isolates and Development of L. donovani Complex Specific Markers by RAPD

“…Furthermore, the discrimination capability is diverse among markers and which in turn makes identi cation of species and subspecies sometimes inconsistent [18]. The Random Ampli cation Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is a technique which could make polymorphic analysis for unknown genomes on the basis of PCR [19,20]. This technique is easy and sensitive, which always be applied to species identi cation [21], the correlation analysis of population differentiation with geographical origins on Leishmania [22].…”

Study the Genotoxicity of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Adhatoda Vasica on the Roots of Allium cepa L. by RAPD-PCR Technique

“…RAPD-PCR technique can be used effectively to detect DNA damage, therefore be used in genotoxicity studies (21,22) . It can be used without prior knowledge about the genome (23) . It uses random primers with DNA template sequences (24) .…”