Range of motion and energy cost of locomotion of the late medieval armoured fighter: A proof of concept of confronting the medieval technical literature with modern movement analysis

Jaquet, Daniel; Mazure, Alice Bonnefoy; Armand, Stéphane; Charbonnier, Caecilia; Ziltener, Jean-Luc; Kayser, Bengt

doi:10.1080/01615440.2015.1112753

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…In western civilizations, ancient Egyptians and Greeks held athletic competitions (Kunitz 2016) that would also have necessitated some form of warm-up to ensure success and prevent injury (Behm 2018). Jaquet et al (2015) highlighted that the thrusting actions of medieval armoured fighters required a great range of motion for the adduction/abduction of the shoulder and flexion/extension of the elbow. Hence, it is speculated that pre-exercise dynamic warm-up activities would have been predominant throughout history (Kunitz 2016), evolving into the mid-19 th century as activities for recreation and health (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms underlying performance impairments following prolonged static stretching without a comprehensive warm-up

et al. 2020

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Whereas a variety of pre-exercise activities have been incorporated as part of a "warm-up" prior to work, combat, and athletic activities for millennia, the inclusion of static stretching (SS) within a warm-up has lost favour in the last 25 years. Research emphasised the possibility of SSinduced impairments in subsequent performance following prolonged stretching without proper dynamic warm-up activities. Proposed mechanisms underlying stretch-induced deficits include both neural (i.e. decreased voluntary activation, persistent inward current effects on motoneurone excitability) and morphological (i.e. changes in the force-length relationship, decreased Ca 2+ sensitivity, alterations in parallel elastic component) factors. Psychological influences such as a mental energy deficit and nocebo effects could also adversely affect performance. However, significant practical limitations exist within published studies, e.g. long stretching durations, stretching exercises with little task specificity, lack of warm-up before/after stretching, testing performed immediately after stretch completion, and risk of investigator and participant bias.Recent research indicates that appropriate durations of static stretching performed within a full warm-up (i.e. aerobic activities before and task-specific dynamic stretching and intense physical activities after SS) have trivial effects on subsequent performance with some evidence of improved force output at longer muscle lengths. For conditions in which muscular force production is compromised by stretching, knowledge of the underlying mechanisms would aid development of mitigation strategies. However, these mechanisms are yet to be perfectly defined. More information is needed to better understand both the warm-up components and mechanisms that contribute to performance enhancements or impairments when SS is incorporated within a pre-activity warm-up.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms underlying performance impairments following prolonged static stretching without a comprehensive warm-up

et al. 2020

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Structuring reconstructions: recognising the advantages of interdisciplinary data in methodical research

Malcolm-Davies

2023

Herit Sci

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A theoretical framework for reconstruction as an integrated scholarly research method across a range of disciplines is long overdue. This paper discusses the usefulness of reconstructed textiles and dress as a template for it. It also argues that there is a need to integrate methods from the arts and humanities with analytical techniques from the natural sciences. The aim is to show how interdisciplinary research not only enriches a reconstruction but provides the mechanism through which cross-disciplinary collaboration takes place. Experimental remaking of historical textiles and dress has tended to be undertaken on an ad hoc basis. For reconstruction to be scientific, it must systematically employ soundly researched evidence from a variety of sources. The triangulation of data—well established in natural and social science—rigorously cross references primary evidence using a range of investigative methods. It produces a firm fix on the material under scrutiny and more credible results than those reliant on only one or two sources. The challenge is that different types of evidence demand specialist approaches, including quantitative and qualitative methods, which are not the traditional tools of dress history. Accurate reconstruction also demands interdisciplinary collaboration: the interrogation of fibres at the molecular level; the collection of observational data at the micro level; and the study of how garments were made and worn at the macro level. This calls for new ways of working with integrated methodologies in pragmatic multidisciplinary teams, which include experts from the humanities, sciences and craft.

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Historical European Martial Art a crossroad between academic research, martial heritage re-creation and martial sport practices

Jaquet

Sørensen²

2015

Acta Periodica Duellatorum

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Historical European martial arts (HEMA) have to be considered an important part of our common European cultural heritage. Studies within this field of research have the potential to enlighten the puzzle posed by past societies, for example in the field of history, history of science and technology, or fields related to material culture. The military aspects of history are still to be considered among the most popular themes of modern times, generating huge public interest. In the last few decades, serious HEMA study groups have started appearing all over the world – focusing on re-creating a lost martial art. The terminology “Historical European Martial Arts” therefore also refers to modem-day practices of ancient martial arts. Many of these groups focus on a “hands-on” approach, thus bringing practical experience and observation to enlighten their interpretation of the source material. However, most of the time, they do not establish inquiries based on scientific research, nor do they follow methodologies that allow for a critical analysis of the findings or observations. This paper will therefore propose and discuss, ideas on how to bridge the gap between enthusiasts and scholars; since their embodied knowledge, acquired by practice, is of tremendous value for scientific inquiries and scientific experimentation. It will also address HEMA practices in the context of modern day acceptance of experimental (or experiential) processes and their value for research purposes and restoration of an historical praxis. The goal is therefore to sketch relevant methodological and theoretical elements, suitable for a multidisciplinary approach, to HEMA, where the “H” for “historical” matters.

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Range of motion and energy cost of locomotion of the late medieval armoured fighter: A proof of concept of confronting the medieval technical literature with modern movement analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Mechanisms underlying performance impairments following prolonged static stretching without a comprehensive warm-up

Mechanisms underlying performance impairments following prolonged static stretching without a comprehensive warm-up

Structuring reconstructions: recognising the advantages of interdisciplinary data in methodical research

Historical European Martial Art a crossroad between academic research, martial heritage re-creation and martial sport practices

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