“…The detection of transmission distortion was achieved in two ways. The first approach involved an application of the Bradley-Terry model for ranking sports teams (Bradley and Terry 1952). In this case, the alleles at a marker locus are ranked according to an indicator of transmission potential and tested for deviation from equality (Sinsheimer et al 2000).…”
The availability of accurate linkage maps is an important step for the localization of genetic variants of interest. However, most studies in livestock assume the published map is applicable in their population despite the large differences between the breeds of a species. A region of sheep Chromosome 1 was previously identified as providing evidence for a marker order inconsistent with the published linkage map. In this study the identified region was investigated in more detail. Four microsatellite markers covering the central 5 cM of the inconsistent region and two flanking markers were genotyped in three sheep breeds, a commercial population (Charollais), an experimental population (Scottish Blackface), and a feral population (Soay). With the inclusion of the published linkage map, this provided evidence for three different marker orders across four sheep populations. Evidence for selection in this region was investigated using both a single-point allelic competition model and a multipoint allele-sharing statistic. Only the Charollais population provided evidence for selection, with significant transmission bias observed at marker BM7145. The implications of variation in linkage maps on the design and analysis of fine-mapping studies are discussed.
“…The detection of transmission distortion was achieved in two ways. The first approach involved an application of the Bradley-Terry model for ranking sports teams (Bradley and Terry 1952). In this case, the alleles at a marker locus are ranked according to an indicator of transmission potential and tested for deviation from equality (Sinsheimer et al 2000).…”
The availability of accurate linkage maps is an important step for the localization of genetic variants of interest. However, most studies in livestock assume the published map is applicable in their population despite the large differences between the breeds of a species. A region of sheep Chromosome 1 was previously identified as providing evidence for a marker order inconsistent with the published linkage map. In this study the identified region was investigated in more detail. Four microsatellite markers covering the central 5 cM of the inconsistent region and two flanking markers were genotyped in three sheep breeds, a commercial population (Charollais), an experimental population (Scottish Blackface), and a feral population (Soay). With the inclusion of the published linkage map, this provided evidence for three different marker orders across four sheep populations. Evidence for selection in this region was investigated using both a single-point allelic competition model and a multipoint allele-sharing statistic. Only the Charollais population provided evidence for selection, with significant transmission bias observed at marker BM7145. The implications of variation in linkage maps on the design and analysis of fine-mapping studies are discussed.
“…The gamete competition model is an application of the Bradley-Terry model for ranking sports teams (Bradley & Terry, 1952;Jin et al 1994;Keener, 1993;Lange, 1997;Lange et al 1988). If allele i of a marker locus is assigned parameter τ i > 0, then the probability that a parent with heterozygous genotype i/j transmits allele i is…”
summaryThe gamete competition model is a likelihood version of the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) that is inspired by conditional logistic regression and the Bradley-Terry ranking procedure. In family-based association studies, both the TDT and the gamete competition model apply directly to data on a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Because any given SNP has limited polymorphism, it is tempting to collect several SNPs within a gene into a single super marker whose alleles are haplotypes. Unfortunately, this tactic wreaks havoc with the traditional TDT, which requires codominant markers (Spielman et al. 1993;Terwilliger & Ott, 1992). Eliminating phase ambiguities by assigning haplotypes to individuals before conducting the TDT may give misleading results because only the most probable haplotypes are then considered. Because pedigree implementations of the gamete competition model can accommodate dominant as well as codominant markers, they circumvent the phase problem by including all possible phases weighted by their estimated frequencies.
“…These are the same criteria used by model 4 of Analysis Option 21. Analysis Options 7,9,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,20,21,23,24,25,27,28,29, and model 2 of Option 14 do not invoke automatic pedigree trimming.…”
Section: Automatic Pedigree Trimmingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The gamete competition model is an application of the Bradley-Terry method of ranking [13]. The Bradley-Terry method was originally applied to problems such as ranking teams in a sports league based on the intra-league win/loss records.…”
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