Rank-Related Fitness Differences and Their Demographic Pathways in Semi-Free-Ranging Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Blomquist, Gregory E.; Sade, Donald Stone; Berard, John D.

doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9461-z

Cited by 58 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Changes in density are clearly identifiable because it is a closed island population. More importantly, this primate population exhibits a high annual population growth rate (λ > 1:10; Rawlins and Kessler 1986; Blomquist et al 2011; Kessler et al 2015) and exists frequently at relatively high densities where population dynamics are regulated by reduced reproduction (Hernández-Pacheco et al 2013, 2016a). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Diversification in Individual Life Courses

Hernández‐Pacheco

Steiner

2017

The American Naturalist

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Heterogeneity in life courses among individuals of a population influences the speed of adaptive evolutionary processes, but it is less clear how biotic and abiotic environmental fluctuations influence such heterogeneity. We investigate principal drivers of variability in sequence of stages during an individual’s life in a stage-structured population. We quantify heterogeneity by measuring population entropy of a Markov chain, which computes the rate of diversification of individual life courses. Using individual data of a primate population, we show that density regulates the stage composition of the population but that its entropy and the generating moments of heterogeneity are independent of density. This lack of influence of density on heterogeneity is due to neither low year-to-year variation in entropy nor differences in survival among stages but is rather due to differences in stage transitions. Our analysis thus shows that well-known classical ecological selective forces, such as density regulation, are not linked to potential selective forces governing heterogeneity through underlying stage dynamics. Despite evolution acting heavily on individual variability in fitness components, our understanding is poor whether observed heterogeneity is adaptive and how it evolves and is maintained. Our analysis illustrates how entropy represents a more integrated measure of diversity compared to the population structural composition, giving us new insights about the underlying drivers of individual heterogeneity within populations and potential evolutionary mechanisms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Diversification in Individual Life Courses

Hernández‐Pacheco

Steiner

2017

The American Naturalist

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“…Matrilineal rank is thus a meaningful proxy of individual rank within the group (e.g. Blomquist et al, 2011). In categorizing matrilines as high ranking (the top two matrilineal clusters in the study group) or low ranking (all other females, not directly related to the high-ranking clusters) we relied on outcomes from decided female-female agonistic interactions collected in Group S in 2012 (Mandalaywala et al, 2014).…”

Section: Dominance Rank Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress as an indicator of the costs of reproduction among free-ranging rhesus macaques

Georgiev

Thompson

Mandalaywala

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Sex differences in longevity may reflect sex-specific costs of intrasexual competition and reproductive effort. As male rhesus macaques experience greater intrasexual competition and die younger, we predicted that males would experience greater oxidative stress than females and that oxidative stress would reflect sex-specific measures of reproductive effort. Males, relative to females, had higher concentrations of 8-OHdG and malondialdehyde, which are markers of DNA oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively. Older macaques had lower 8-OHdG levels than younger ones, suggesting that oxidative stress decreases in parallel with known age-related declines in reproductive investment. Among males, a recent period of social instability affected oxidative status: males who attacked others at higher rates had higher 8-OHdG levels. Multiparous lactating females with daughters had higher 8-OHdG levels than those with sons. No differences in antioxidant capacity were found. These results lend initial support for the use of oxidative stress markers to assess trade-offs between reproductive effort and somatic maintenance in primates.

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“…Socially dominant rhesus macaques live longer than their subordinate counterparts (Blomquist et al, 2011). Likewise, low social status is associated with increased mortality in the human population (Adler, 2009, Adler et al, 1994).…”

Section: Direct Comparisons Between Social Subordination Stress and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of social stress versus depression in nonhuman primates

Shively¹,

Willard²

2012

Experimental Neurology

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The focus of the review is on the behavioral and physiological manifestations of stress versus depression. The purpose of the review is to evaluate the conceptual approach of using stress models as surrogates for depression. Social stress and depression have many characteristics in common and promote each other. Both have adverse effects on social relationships and the quality of life, and increase risk of other diseases. However, they are not the same constructs. In human and nonhuman primates, the behavior and neurobiology of stressed individuals differ from that of depressed individuals. Some similarities in stress physiology in socially stressed and depressed individuals have been used to support the use of stressed animals as models of depression, and much has been learned from stress models of depression. However, the studies reviewed here also suggest that the depressed state also has different characteristics than the stressed state, and studying the differences may be important to furthering our understanding of each of these constructs as well as their mutual relationship.

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Rank-Related Fitness Differences and Their Demographic Pathways in Semi-Free-Ranging Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Drivers of Diversification in Individual Life Courses

Drivers of Diversification in Individual Life Courses

Oxidative stress as an indicator of the costs of reproduction among free-ranging rhesus macaques

Behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of social stress versus depression in nonhuman primates

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