Ranking matrices as operational tools for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crops on non-target organisms

Hilbeck, Angelika; Weiss, Gabriele; Oehen, Bernadette; Römbke, Jörg; Jänsch, Stephan; Teichmann, Hanka; Lang, Andréas; Otto, Mathias; Tappeser, Beatrix

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.07.016

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It has been shown that the loss of less common weed species was not apparent when comparing field sites, but only with an indicator for regional upscaling [80]. In addition, rare and protected species will be underrepresented in any abundance-based selection of surrogate or focal species for ERA purposes [81]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits of Concern: suggestions for the operationalisation of a concept to determine the relevance of adverse effects in the ERA of GMOs

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe European Food Safety Authority proposed a concept for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants in the EU that is based on the definition of thresholds for the acceptability of potential adverse effects on the environment. This concept, called Limits of Concern (LoC), needs to be further refined to be implemented in the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms.MethodsWe analyse and discuss how LoC can be defined for the environmental risk assessment for three different types of genetically modified plants. We outline protection goals relevant to the genetically modified plants in question and discuss existing concepts and suggestions for acceptability thresholds from the environmental risk assessment of different regulatory areas. We make specific recommendations for the setting and use of LoC for each type of genetically modified plant.ResultsThe LoC concept can be suitably applied for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified organisms, if the different protection goals in agro-environments are specifically considered. Not only biodiversity protection goals but also agricultural protection goals need to be addressed. The different ecosystem services provided by weeds inside and outside agricultural fields have to be considered for genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops. Exposure-based LoCs are suggested based on knowledge about dose–effect relationships between maize pollen and non-target Lepidoptera for insect-resistant maize. Due to the long-term nature of biological processes such as spread and establishment, LoCs for genetically modified oilseed rape should be defined for the presence of the genetically modified plant or its genetically modified traits in relevant protection goals.ConclusionsWhen setting LoCs, the focus should be on protection goals which are possibly affected. Potential overlaps of the LoC concept with the ecosystem service concept have to be clarified to harmonise protection levels in the agro-environment for different stressors. If additional impacts on agro-biodiversity resulting from the cultivation of genetically modified plants are to be avoided, then high protection levels and low thresholds for acceptable effects (i.e. LoC) should be set.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits of Concern: suggestions for the operationalisation of a concept to determine the relevance of adverse effects in the ERA of GMOs

et al. 2018

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“…Moreover, as a result of the WFD, relatively detailed descriptions of the macroinvertebrate community exist that are typical for the respective stream type (Pottgieser and Sommerhäuser, 2008). Based on this additional information, a species selection matrix modified after Hilbeck et al (2014) for terrestrial ecosystems is a sensible next step and will be detailed in a separate publication. The identified species may ultimately be used for the development of laboratory test systems targeting exposure via the ingestion of crop plant material.…”

Section: Prioritization Of German Stream Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further develop the ERA for both GM crops and systemic pesticides, the identification of the types of aquatic ecosystems that potentially receive large amounts of crop plant material relative to other ecosystems seems a sensible and innovative first step. In addition, identified aquatic ecosystems potentially receiving crop plant material may also serve as the basis for the selection of relevant test species to be examined for adverse effects during an environmental impact assessment as part of the regulatory approval process (e.g., Hilbeck et al, 2014) as well as for the development of proper monitoring strategies after authorization for general cultivation. The developed procedure takes advantage of geographical information systems (GIS) using regionalized data on maize cultivation in Germany as a model system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing stream types according to their potential risk to receive crop plant material — A GIS-based procedure to assist in the risk assessment of genetically modified crops and systemic insecticide residues

Bundschuh

Kühn

Bundschuh

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Consequently, discussions have focused on how to consider endangered and protected non-target species in the ERA of GMP. Suggestions for the selection of these species for ERA testing purposes were made by Hilbeck et al (2014). Other authors suggested using ERA testing results from species that are biologically or taxonomically close instead of testing protected or endangered species (Dolezel et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another species was considered specifically relevant for the Mediterranean region (van Capelle et al 2016). Another study selected the Continental biogeographical region when suggesting a selection procedure of focal species for ERA testing purposes (Hilbeck et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of the occurrence of protected butterflies in six European biogeographic regions as a tool for the environmental risk assessment of Bt maize

Dolezel¹,

Bartel²,

Heissenberger³

2018

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Citation: Dolezel M, Bartel A, Heissenberger A (2018) Spatial analysis of the occurrence of protected butterflies in six European biogeographic regions as a tool for the environmental risk assessment of Bt maize. BioRisk 13: 31-52.https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.13.20688 AbstractIn the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified plants (GMP), the consideration of the different environments where genetically modified plants (GMP) will be commercially grown (the receiving environments) plays a crucial role. In addition, relevant protection goals which may be adversely affected by the GMP have to be considered during the ERA. Using a literature-and GIS-based approach, distribution data of protected lepidopteran species listed in Council Directive 92/43/EEC and of maize cultivation was used in order to evaluate potential spatial overlaps between GM maize and protected nontarget Lepidoptera in different biogeographical regions (BGR) of the EU. Each BGR has its peculiarity regarding maize cultivation and the distribution of protected butterflies. The lepidopteran fauna of the Pannonian BGR is particularly sensitive due to large maize cultivation shares and wide distribution of protected butterflies within this BGR. For the BGRs evaluated potential, spatial exposures of protected butterflies to GM maize cannot be excluded. This study shows that the suggested approach is a useful tool for the consideration of EU-wide protected species in different receiving environments during the problem formulation of the ERA of GMPs.

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Ranking matrices as operational tools for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crops on non-target organisms

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Limits of Concern: suggestions for the operationalisation of a concept to determine the relevance of adverse effects in the ERA of GMOs

Limits of Concern: suggestions for the operationalisation of a concept to determine the relevance of adverse effects in the ERA of GMOs

Prioritizing stream types according to their potential risk to receive crop plant material — A GIS-based procedure to assist in the risk assessment of genetically modified crops and systemic insecticide residues

Spatial analysis of the occurrence of protected butterflies in six European biogeographic regions as a tool for the environmental risk assessment of Bt maize

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