“…When F = F = Q, Kobayashi [20] defined the plus and minus Selmer groups of E over Q cyc by constructing the plus and minus norm groups E ± (Q cyc p ), which are subgroups of the formal group of E at p. He was able to describe the algebraic structure of these plus and minus norm groups precisely and show that the plus and minus Selmer groups are cotorsion over Z p [[Γ]]. These Selmer groups have been extended to different settings by various authors (see [1,2,3,15,16,17,18,19,21,23,24,25,31]). When E is defined over Q and F is a number field where p is unramified, Kim [15,16] studied the structure of plus and minus Selmer groups over F cyc .…”