Ransomware Impact to SCADA Systems and its Scope to Critical Infrastructure

Ibarra, Jaime; Butt, Usman Javed; Do, Anh; Jahankhani, Hamid; Jamal, Arshad

doi:10.1109/icgs3.2019.8688299

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Humayun et al [89] examined the evolution of ransomware on IoT platforms, and provided recommendations. Ibarra et al [91] discussed the efficacy of ransomware on the CPS environments, and provided a taxonomy of the ransomware defense solutions.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Ransomware: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Defense Solutions

Oz,

Aris,

Levi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In recent years, ransomware has been one of the most notorious malware targeting end users, governments, and business organizations. It has become a very profitable business for cybercriminals with revenues of millions of dollars, and a very serious threat to organizations with financial loss of billions of dollars. Numerous studies were proposed to address the ransomware threat, including surveys that cover certain aspects of ransomware research. However, no study exists in the literature that gives the complete picture on ransomware and ransomware defense research with respect to the diversity of targeted platforms. Since ransomware is already prevalent in PCs/workstations/desktops/laptops, is becoming more prevalent in mobile devices, and has already hit IoT/CPS recently, and will likely grow further in the IoT/CPS domain very soon, understanding ransomware and analyzing defense mechanisms with respect to target platforms is becoming more imperative. In order to fill this gap and motivate further research, in this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on ransomware and ransomware defense research with respect to PCs/workstations, mobile devices, and IoT/CPS platforms. Specifically, covering 137 studies over the period of 1990-2020, we give a detailed overview of ransomware evolution, comprehensively analyze the key building blocks of ransomware, present a taxonomy of notable ransomware families, and provide an extensive overview of ransomware defense research (i.e., analysis, detection, and recovery) with respect to platforms of PCs/workstations, mobile devices, and IoT/CPS. Moreover, we derive an extensive list of open issues for future ransomware research. We believe this survey will motivate further research by giving a complete picture on state-of-the-art ransomware research. CCS Concepts: • Security and privacy → Malware and its mitigation.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Ransomware: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Defense Solutions

Oz,

Aris,

Levi

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…APTs possess stealth type attack traits, combining advanced encryption techniques with close polymorphic algorithms with AI. [52] points out that APTs can persist inside a computer system for a long time without being detected, taking advantage of the vulnerabilities of the infrastructure or the architecture of the communication protocols in the packaging of data in a network.…”

Section: Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Persistent Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet of Things and Distributed Denial of Service as Risk Factors in Information Security

Díaz¹

2021

Bioethics in Medicine and Society

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Society is increasingly dependent on technology and an example of this is the constant monitoring of large cities, which has become common and the future trend is for it to increase based on what happened with the COVID-19 pandemic. This monitoring brings with it a series of problems at the information security level at different levels or levels. Based on this fact, it addresses how the Internet of Things (IoT) can be subject to potential distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and the danger it poses to society. In this sense, other types of vulnerabilities are exposed, such as crypto hacking, advanced persistent threats (APT) and ransomware, which use artificial intelligence to improve their attack techniques. This poses a potential risk to society from cybersecurity regarding the use and manipulation of information, either by governments, the military and organized criminal groups, de facto violating human rights.

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“…Humayun et al [88] examined the evolution of ransomware on IoT platforms. Ibarra et al [90] discussed the eicacy of ransomware on the CPS environments, and categorized the ransomware defense solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Ransomware: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Defense Solutions

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, ransomware has been one of the most notorious malware targeting end-users, governments, and business organizations. It has become a very profitable business for cybercriminals with revenues of millions of dollars, and a very serious threat to organizations with financial loss of billions of dollars. Numerous studies were proposed to address the ransomware threat, including surveys that cover certain aspects of ransomware research. However, no study exists in the literature that gives the complete picture on ransomware and ransomware defense research with respect to the diversity of targeted platforms. Since ransomware is already prevalent in PCs/workstations/desktops/laptops, is becoming more prevalent in mobile devices, and has already hit IoT/CPS recently, and will likely grow further in the IoT/CPS domain very soon, understanding ransomware and analyzing defense mechanisms with respect to target platforms is becoming more imperative. In order to fill this gap and motivate further research, in this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on ransomware and ransomware defense research with respect to PCs/workstations, mobile devices, and IoT/CPS platforms. Specifically, covering 137 studies over the period of 1990-2020, we give a detailed overview of ransomware evolution, comprehensively analyze the key building blocks of ransomware, present a taxonomy of notable ransomware families, and provide an extensive overview of ransomware defense research (i.e., analysis, detection, and recovery) with respect to platforms of PCs/workstations, mobile devices, and IoT/CPS. Moreover, we derive an extensive list of open issues for future ransomware research. We believe this survey will motivate further research by giving a complete picture on state-of-the-art ransomware research.

show abstract

Ransomware Impact to SCADA Systems and its Scope to Critical Infrastructure

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

A Survey on Ransomware: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Defense Solutions

A Survey on Ransomware: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Defense Solutions

Internet of Things and Distributed Denial of Service as Risk Factors in Information Security

A Survey on Ransomware: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Defense Solutions

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