“…The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of resveratrol were further confirmed by the inhibition of many chemokines in both subsets, particularly IL-8, MCP-1, CCL3, CCL4, and RANTES and of the growth factors G-CSF and GM-CSF (in M1 cells) and VEGF (in M2 cells). These inflammatory mediators, beside their active role in recruiting leukocytes into inflammatory sites, may stimulate endothelial cell migration, spreading, and neo-vessel formation, thus promoting the angiogenesis associated with the progression of atherosclerotic plaque [28]. The inhibitory effects of resveratrol on TNF- α , IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, CCL-4, RANTES, and G-CSF in the M1 macrophage subset and on TNF- α , IL-12, IL-8, MCP-1, CCL3, CCL-4, RANTES, and VEGF in M2 macrophages together with metalloproteinases inhibition may be added to a variety of resveratrol antiatherogenic actions, since these molecules are known to be involved in inflammatory responses in arterial walls during progression of atherosclerosis [29].…”