RaoN, a small RNA encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island-11, confers resistance to macrophage-induced stress

Lee, Yong Heon; Kim, Sinyeon; Helmann, John D.; Kim, Bae-Hoon; Park, Yong Keun

doi:10.1099/mic.0.066688-0

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Another common source of sRNAs in bacterial genomes is HGT via plasmids, transposable elements, and bacteriophages. Some of the most well-studied plasmid-derived sRNAs are associated with virulence, and include the anti-toxins of many toxin-antitoxin systems (33) and the island-encoded sRNAs in Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus (26,(34)(35)(36). For example, the HGT-derived sRNA IsrJ in Salmonella enables the use of a Type III secretion system to invade intestinal epithelial cells (26), and IsrM likewise regulates proteins required for intracellular invasion and replication (35).…”

Section: Acquisition Of New Srnas Via Hgtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Evolution, and Loss of Bacterial Small RNAs

Dutcher¹,

Raghavan²

2018

Regulating With RNA in Bacteria and Archaea

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Despite the central role of bacterial non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) in posttranscriptional regulation, little is understood about their evolution. Here, we compile what has been studied to date and trace a life cycle of sRNAs-from their mechanisms of emergence, through processes of change and frequent neofunctionalization, to their loss from bacterial lineages. Because they possess relatively unrestrictive structural requirements, we find that sRNA origins are varied, and include de novo emergence as well as formation from pre-existing genetic elements via duplication events and horizontal gene transfer. The need for only partial complementarity to their mRNA targets facilitates apparent rapid change, which also contributes to significant challenges in tracing sRNAs across broad evolutionary distances. We document that recently-emerged sRNAs in particular evolve quickly, mirroring dynamics observed in microRNAs, their functional analogs in eukaryotes. Mutations in mRNA-binding regions, transcriptional regulator or sigma factor binding sites, and protein-binding regions are all likely sources of shifting regulatory roles of sRNAs. Finally, using examples from the few evolutionary studies available, we examine cases of sRNA loss, and describe how these may be the result of adaptive in addition to neutral processes. We highlight the need for more comprehensive analyses of sRNA evolutionary patterns as a means to improve novel sRNA detection, enhance genome annotation, and deepen our understanding of regulatory networks in bacteria.

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Section: Acquisition Of New Srnas Via Hgtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Evolution, and Loss of Bacterial Small RNAs

Dutcher¹,

Raghavan²

2018

Regulating With RNA in Bacteria and Archaea

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some of the most well-studied plasmid-derived sRNAs are associated with virulence, and include the anti-toxins of many toxin-antitoxin systems (33) and the island-encoded sRNAs in Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus (26, 34–36). For example, the HGT-derived sRNA IsrJ in Salmonella enables the use of a Type III secretion system to invade intestinal epithelial cells (26), and IsrM likewise regulates proteins required for intracellular invasion and replication (35).…”

Section: Srna Originsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Evolution, and Loss of Bacterial Small RNAs

Dutcher

Raghavan

2018

Microbiol Spectr

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Despite the central role of bacterial non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) in posttranscriptional regulation, little is understood about their evolution. Here, we compile what has been studied to date and trace a life cycle of sRNAs—from their mechanisms of emergence, through processes of change and frequent neofunctionalization, to their loss from bacterial lineages. Because they possess relatively unrestrictive structural requirements, we find that sRNA origins are varied, and include de novo emergence as well as formation from pre-existing genetic elements via duplication events and horizontal gene transfer. The need for only partial complementarity to their mRNA targets facilitates apparent rapid change, which also contributes to significant challenges in tracing sRNAs across broad evolutionary distances. We document that recently-emerged sRNAs in particular evolve quickly, mirroring dynamics observed in microRNAs, their functional analogs in eukaryotes. Mutations in mRNA-binding regions, transcriptional regulator or sigma factor binding sites, and protein-binding regions are all likely sources of shifting regulatory roles of sRNAs. Finally, using examples from the few evolutionary studies available, we examine cases of sRNA loss, and describe how these may be the result of adaptive in addition to neutral processes. We highlight the need for more comprehensive analyses of sRNA evolutionary patterns as a means to improve novel sRNA detection, enhance genome annotation, and deepen our understanding of regulatory networks in bacteria.

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“…RaoN controls the expression of the lactate dehydrogenase gene ldhA, and it is assumed that it promotes stress resistances at least to some extent through the generation of NAD C from NADH when converting pyruvate to lactate. 135 A multi-component glutamate-dependent acid resistance system (GadABC) is responsible for the extreme acid tolerance of enteric E. coli and Shigella. This system converts glutamate into g-aminobutyric acid and exports the product in exchange of extracellular glutamate to consume intracellular H C .…”

Section: Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-based mechanisms of virulence control in Enterobacteriaceae

2016

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Enteric pathogens of the family Enterobacteriaceae colonize various niches within animals and humans in which they compete with intestinal commensals and are attacked by the host immune system. To survive these hostile environments they possess complex, multilayer regulatory networks that coordinate the control of virulence factors, host-adapted metabolic functions and stress resistance. An important part of these intricate control networks are RNA-based control systems that enable the pathogen to fine-tune its responses. Recent next-generation sequencing approaches revealed a large repertoire of conserved and species-specific riboregulators, including numerous cis-and trans-acting non-coding RNAs, sensory RNA elements (RNA thermometers, riboswitches), regulatory RNA-binding proteins and RNA degrading enzymes which regulate colonization factors, toxins, host defense processes and virulence-relevant physiological and metabolic processes. All of which are important cues for pathogens to sense and respond to fluctuating conditions during the infection. This review covers infection-relevant riboregulators of E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia, highlights their versatile regulatory mechanisms, complex target regulons and functions, and discusses emerging topics and future challenges to fully understand and exploit RNA-based control to combat bacterial infections.

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RaoN, a small RNA encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island-11, confers resistance to macrophage-induced stress

Cited by 25 publications

References 65 publications

Origin, Evolution, and Loss of Bacterial Small RNAs

Origin, Evolution, and Loss of Bacterial Small RNAs

Origin, Evolution, and Loss of Bacterial Small RNAs

RNA-based mechanisms of virulence control in Enterobacteriaceae

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