Rapé E Xamanismo Entre Grupos Indígenas No Médio Purus, Amazônia

Abstract

ResumoFabricado com base no tabaco, o rapé ocupa um lugar especial no xamanismo entre os grupos indígenas do médio Purus (Amazônia). O texto propõe explorar o uso e sentido do rapé entre alguns desses grupos, contribuindo assim para descortinar seu papel e tecer algumas considerações preliminares acerca das práticas de xamanismo na região e da relação dos indígenas com os vários seres que habitam os universos descritos em suas cosmologias. A proposta é realizar um estudo multissituado a partir de dados obtidos em documentos históricos e relatos etnográfi-cos sobre diferentes grupos que vivem na região. Mesmo sem um estudo que aborde de maneira transversal a questão, os dados apresentados apontam para a inevitável conexão entre o rapé e o xamanismo no mé-dio Purus e nos ajudam a compreender a plêiade de grupos habitantes dessa região como um sistema em comunicação, apontando para uma etnologia do Purus para além das diferenças históricas ou etnonímicas.Palavras-chave: Rapé, xamanismo, grupos indígenas, médio Purus, Amazônia SNUFF AND SHAMANISM AMONG INIGENOUS GROUPS ALONG THE MIDDLE PURUS, AMAZONIA AbstractBased on tobacco, snuff occupies a special place in shamanism among indigenous groups in the middle Purus (Amazon region). The article focuses on the use and meaning of snuff among some of these groups, contributing for the understanding of the snuff 's role, and shamanic practices in the region, taking in account the several beings that make part of their cosmologies. The authors present a multisited study based on historical and etnographic sources. The data point to an unavoidable connection between snuff and shamanism in the middle Purus, helping to understand the various indigenous groups as a system in communication, beyond historic or ethnonymic differences. RAPÉ Y CHAMANISMO ENTRE LOS GRUPOS INDÍGENAS EN EL PURUS MEDIO, AMAZONÍA ResumenConstruido alrededor del tabaco, el rapé ocupa un lugar especial en el chamanismo entre los grupos indígenas en el Purus Oriental (Amazonas). El texto se propone explorar el uso y significado de rapé entre algunos de estos grupos, contribuyendo así a desvelar su papel y hacer algunas observaciones preliminares sobre las prácticas chamánicas de la región y la relación de los indígenas con los diferentes seres que habitan los mundos descritos en sus cosmologías. La propuesta es proceder a un estudio multisituado a partir de datos tomados de documentos históri-cos e informes etnográficos sobre los diferentes grupos que habitan la región. Incluso sin un estudio que aborde el tema de forma transversal, los datos presentados apuntan a la inevitable conexión entre tabaco y el chamanismo en el medio Purus, y nos ayudan a entender la constelación de grupos habitantes de esta región como un sistema de comunicación, que apunta a una etnología del Purus más allá de las diferencias históri-cas o etnonímicas.Palabras clave: Rapé, chamanismo, grupos indígenas, Purus medio, Amazónia Endereço do primeiro autor para correspondência: PPGAS/UFAM -

Use of snuff and its main constituents for religious purposes in an alternative community with shamanic practices in the south of Brazil

“…Several studies show the use and meaning of Erythroxylum coca known as ipadu, in the Upper Rio Negro River and katsupari among different communities of Amazon; Chacrona and Mariri, popular names for the plants used in the manufacture of the Ayahuasca drink for the doctrine of Santo Daime. In this context, snuff proves to be one of the essential practices commonly used during shamanic ceremonies (Goulart, 1996;Santos & Soares, 2015).…”

“…The different groups that inhabit this region are found in snuff the transport that takes them to the world from captive souls and intelligible communication with the spirits and representatives of animals, birds, fish, and plants. The snuff also fulfills, in some cases, the role of antivenom, neutralizing and appeasing the desire and the wrath of those who seek the natural principles of timbó or tingui for death and transformation into the non-human other (Santos & Soares, 2015).…”

“…Preserving their cultural importance, several ethnic groups use snuff to present medicinal and ceremonial properties related to increasing physical vigor, cleaning the airways, communication with a metaphysical world, and purification of the body and spirit (Santos & Soares, 2015).…”

Historical Ecology in Brazil: A Systematic Mapping of Scientific Articles (1998–2021)

“…Other examples of this people-environment relationship are biocultural diversity [87], biopolitics [94], cultural ecology [111], domesticated forest [109], domesticated landscape [112], environmental history [113], environmental management [114], environmental racism [68], human ecology [115], and local ecological knowledge [116]. There are also works about indigenous peoples and traditional populations, for instance, the Ka'apor [15,117], the Guajá [118], the Guarani [114], the Nadahup-Arawak-Tukano [119], the Marajoara [120,121], indigenous groups of the Middle Purus [122]; quilombolas [77,94,123,124], beiradeiros [125], and caiçaras [126] have also been included. There are also mentions to immigrant groups such as the Japanese [124] and the German [127].…”

“…The field of archaeology stands out. Some other interesting topics that appear only a few times in the keywords are: African influence [101,133], defaunation [134], fire [81,90], gender [127], geoglyphs [135], mining pollution [80], shamanism [122], among others.…”