Rape Myth Acceptance Among College Women

Carmody, Dianne Cyr; Washington, Lekeshia M.

doi:10.1177/088626001016005003

Cited by 128 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In corroborating a defensive attribution hypothesis, some studies announce that chronic household violence will curb the support of rape myths (Anderson et al, 1997;Carmody & Washington, 2001;Follette, Polusney, & Naugle, 1996). However, paradoxically, other studies argue that people who are bullied or brutalized by family members are more likely to identify with aggressors and rapists (Arriaga & Foshee, 2004;Forbes & AdamsCurtis, 2001;Gwartney-Gibbs, Stockard, & Bohmer, 1987).…”

Section: Familial Peer Contexts and Educational Forces Behind Rape mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Although numerous studies highlight that self-identified rape victims cast less aspersions on other victims (Anderson et al, 1997;Littleton & Axsom, 2003;Mason, Riger, & Foley, 2004;Peterson & Muehlenhard, 2004 ), another set of studies concludes that being a victim of rape is not connected to the repudiation of rape myths (Burt, 1980;Carmody & Washington, 2001;Mynatt & Allgeier, 1990;Reilly, Lott, Caldwell, & DeLuca, 1992).…”

Section: Victimization and Rape Perceptionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A number of inquiries suggest that Blacks are more likely to adopt rape myths (Giacopassi & Dull, 1986;Johnson et al, 1997;Locke & Richman, 1999;Varelas & Foley, 1998). Yet multivariate studies often find that direct associations between rape myths and race are erased when holding other factors constant (Anderson et al, 1997;Carmody & Washington, 2001;Varelas & Foley, 1998).…”

Section: Rape Attitudes and Other Demographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Rape Myths Among Appalachian College Students

Haywood

Swank²

2008

Violence Vict

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Rape myths regularly admonish victims for supposedly provoking the violence done against them. While rape attitudes have been studied in national and urban samples, the support of rape myths in rural populations is seldom investigated. Furthermore, the few empirical studies on sexual coercion in Appalachia are mostly descriptive and rarely compare the sentiments of Appalachians and non-Appalachians. To address this gap, this study surveyed 512 college students at a public university in Eastern Kentucky. In testing an Appalachian distinctiveness question, this study revealed that Appalachian students were less likely to criticize rape victims. Students were also less inclined to condemn rape victims when they were victims themselves, came from egalitarian families, stayed in college longer, rejected modem sexism, and felt little animosity toward women.

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Section: Familial Peer Contexts and Educational Forces Behind Rape mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Victimization and Rape Perceptionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Rape Attitudes and Other Demographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Rape Myths Among Appalachian College Students

Haywood

Swank²

2008

Violence Vict

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“…Rape myths are those ideas or beliefs that “deny or minimize victim injury or blame the victims for their own victimization” [32]. Rape myths that are commonly accepted include, the woman deserved to be raped; she asked for it through her provocative behavior or dress; there was not much physical damage so it was not rape; stranger rape is more prevalent than acquaintance rape; and, a woman cannot be raped by her husband [32-35]. There is a growing body of evidence showing that despite years of public education about sexual violence, rape myths and gender stereotypes are still accepted, believed and propagated by communities [32-35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and attitude towards rape and child sexual abuse – a community-based cross-sectional study in Rural Tanzania

et al. 2015

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BackgroundViolence against women and children is globally recognized as a social and human rights concern. In Tanzania, sexual violence towards women and children is a public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine community knowledge of and attitudes towards rape and child sexual abuse, and assess associations between knowledge and attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics.MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken between May and June 2012. The study was conducted in the Kilombero and Ulanga rural districts in the Morogoro Region of Tanzania. Men and women aged 18–49 years were eligible for the study. Through a three-stage cluster sampling strategy, a household survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes about gender roles and violence, and knowledge on health consequences of rape. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 21. Main outcome measures were knowledge of and attitudes towards sexual violence. Multivariate analyses were used to assess associations between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of and attitudes towards sexual violence.ResultsA total of 1,568 participants were interviewed. The majority (58.4%) of participants were women. Most (58.3%) of the women respondents had poor knowledge on sexual violence and 63.8% had accepting attitudes towards sexual violence. Those who were married were significantly more likely to have good knowledge on sexual violence compared to the divorced/separated group (AOR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.2)) but less likely to have non-accepting attitudes towards sexual violence compared to the single group (AOR = 1.8 (95%CI: 1.4-2.3)). Sex of respondents, age, marital status and level of education were associated with knowledge and attitudes towards sexual violence.ConclusionsOur study showed that these rural communities have poor knowledge on sexual violence and have accepting attitudes towards sexual violence. Increasing age and higher education were associated with better knowledge and less accepting attitudes towards sexual violence. The findings have potentially important implications for interventions aimed at preventing violence. The results highlight the challenges associated with changing attitudes towards sexual violence, particularly as the highest levels of support for such violence were found among women.

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“…Yanowitz (2006), for example, surveyed 102 students to see how they conceptualized stalking. Carmody and Washington (2001) conducted a mail survey with 623 students to assess the impact of race and prior sexual assault victimization on the acceptance of "rape myths." Other researchers have used college students as a sample to examine the causes of physical assault in dating relationships (Mahlstedt & Welsh, 2005), the ties between alcohol use and sexual victimization (Kaysen, Neighbors, & Martell, 2006), and the bullying experiences of elementary school, high school and college students (Chapell, Hasselman, Kitchin, Lomon, MacIver & Sarullo, 2006).…”

Section: Behavioral Studies and College Studentsmentioning

confidence: 99%