Rape myth acceptance in Lebanon: The role of sexual assault experience/familiarity, sexism, honor beliefs, and the Dark Triad

Sánchez‐Ruiz, María‐José; Ahmad, Perla El; Karam, Maroun; Saliba, Marie Adele

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110403

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The Spanish version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996), which Expósito et al (1998) translated and validated, was used to assess sexism. This scale consists of 22 items with a 6-point Likert scale from 0 (totally disagree) to 5 (totally agree) that assesses sexism as either a single (Pina et al, 2017) or twodimensional construct (Sanchez-Ruiz et al, 2021). It includes 11 items regarding hostile sexism (e.g., "women are very easily offended") and 11 items regarding benevolent sexism (e.g., "women should be loved and protected by men").…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the literature has highlighted ambivalent sexism as a psychological predictor of SVAW (Begany & Milburn, 2002; Guerrero-Molina et al, 2020; Mann et al, 2010; Rollero & De Piccoli, 2020; Sanchez-Ruiz et al, 2021; Tharp et al, 2013), scarce literature exists examining the relationship of these sexist attitudes to the propensity for moral disengagement and dark triad traits in criminal and community samples. This is of particular interest given that 70% of the samples used to examine associations among dark triad traits, the propensity to moral disengagement, and sexist attitudes related with SVAW were adolescents, college students, and adults in the community (Miiler et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexism, Moral Disengagement, and Dark Triad Traits on Perpetrators of Sexual Violence Against Women and Community Men

et al. 2021

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The field of criminal psychology involves delving into psychological profiles prone to accepting and justifying sexist attitudes that support sexual violence against adult women (SVAW). The aim of the current study is to analyze the mediating role of moral disengagement in the relationships between dark triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and ambivalent sexism in a sample of 74 male perpetrators of sexual violence against women ( M = 40.58; SD = 10.05) convicted of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual assault and 160 community men ( M = 43.54; SD = 10.63). Since there were no significant differences in the measured variables between individuals convicted of IPV and those convicted of sexual assault, these two groups were combined into a single group of perpetrators of sexual violence against women. A comparison of incarcerated and community men showed that perpetrators of sexual violence against women reported significantly higher levels of ambivalent sexism, moral disengagement, and psychopathy than community men. The moderated mediational model showed that the dark triad was not directly associated with ambivalent sexism, but the relationship was fully mediated by moral disengagement mechanisms. Moreover, the interdependence of the variables evaluated was moderated by group. The moral disengagement mechanisms that explain both hostile and benevolent sexism were associated with Machiavellianism and psychopathy among perpetrators of sexual violence against women, whereas among community men, these mechanisms were associated with Machiavellianism and narcissism. These findings are discussed as they pertain to the treatment of perpetrators of sexual violence against women.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexism, Moral Disengagement, and Dark Triad Traits on Perpetrators of Sexual Violence Against Women and Community Men

et al. 2021

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“…The literature amply shows that individuals with sexist beliefs are more likely to accept myths about sexual violence (e.g., Sanchez-Ruiz et al, 2021;Shafer et al, 2018;Sierra et al, 2010;Stoll et al, 2016Stoll et al, , 2018, placing more blame on the victim for what happened, possibly because they tend to believe that the victim, often female, desired the sexual interaction, although her consent to all sexual acts was not explicit (Suarez & Gadalla, 2010). The literature also shows relationships between hypermasculinitywhich is the basis of machismoand various forms of violence (e.g., Wells et al, 2011), particularly sexual violence (McCauley et al, 2014;Parrott & Zeichner, 2003) and intimate partner violence (Reidy et al, 2014).…”

Section: Machismo Legitimation Of Sexual Violence and Dark Tetradmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark Tetrad, Acceptance of Sexual Violence, and Sexism

Costa

Fávero

Moreira

et al. 2023

European Psychologist

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Abstract. The Dark Tetrad is a cluster of four “dark” personality traits which are socially aversive, with distinct conceptual roots, but which are intercorrelated: narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and sadism. Narcissism is associated with inflated self-esteem and feelings of grandiosity; psychopathy involves reduced empathy and a lack of remorse or guilt; Machiavellianism is characterized by a tendency for manipulation for own personal benefit; sadism involves feelings of pleasure with the pain or suffering of others. Sexism is the group of beliefs linked with the perceived superiority of men over women. Previous studies have found relationships between the Dark Tetrad and the tolerance of the use of sexual violence and between the former and sexism. Furthermore, sexism has been linked with the acceptance of sexual violence. This study aims to revise the literature exploring the link between each of the components of the Dark Tetrad and the legitimation of the use of sexual violence; it also aims to present the associations that have been found between the aforementioned variables and sexism and related concepts, in multiple studies. Based on the previous literature, suggestions for aims of future research in this field (i.e., Dark Tetrad, sexual violence, sexism) are made, more specifically exploring the relative effect of each of the components of the Dark Tetrad in the explanation of the legitimation of sexual violence, as well as exploring a possible, at least partial, mediation of sexism in the link between each of the “dark” traits and the acceptance of sexual violence.

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“…We therefore investigated links between male Dark Tetrad personality traits and preferences for outdoor/indoor female sex worker services, as well as the mediating effects of perceiving female sex workers as deviant and as victims. Removing victim status (i.e., believing women have a choice) and perceiving women as deviant are cognitive processes associated with hostile sexism, which strongly predicts hateful attitudes towards women (Sanchez-Ruiz et al, 2021). As these dark traits also positively predict hostile sexism (Gluck et al, 2020;Jonason et al, 2010), such attitudes may influence preferences for different forms of sex services.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Darker deals? Male dark tetrad preferences for female sex worker services

Hughes

Adhikari

Goulding

2021

Heliyon

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The present study explored links between male Dark Tetrad personality traits (psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism, sadism) and preferences for using outdoor and indoor female sex worker services. We also investigated the mediating effects of perceiving sex workers as deviant and as victims. Heterosexual males (N ¼ 347) were recruited to take part in an online survey investigating personality and attitudes towards female sex workers. Path analyses revealed that psychopathy and sadism positively predicted preferences for outdoor but not indoor female sex services. Sex worker choice mediated positive links between narcissism and outdoor female sex worker preferences. Compared to indoor, outdoor sex services are associated with increased aggression and violence. Our findings highlight the importance of considering narcissism and particularly psychopathy and sadism when investigating individual male preferences for outdoor sex services that are being offered by particularly vulnerable women.

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Rape myth acceptance in Lebanon: The role of sexual assault experience/familiarity, sexism, honor beliefs, and the Dark Triad

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Sexism, Moral Disengagement, and Dark Triad Traits on Perpetrators of Sexual Violence Against Women and Community Men

Sexism, Moral Disengagement, and Dark Triad Traits on Perpetrators of Sexual Violence Against Women and Community Men

Dark Tetrad, Acceptance of Sexual Violence, and Sexism

Darker deals? Male dark tetrad preferences for female sex worker services

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