‘Rapeable’ and ‘unrapeable’ women: the portrayal of sexual violence in Internet memes about #MeToo

Andreasen, Maja Brandt

doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1833185

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Memes have also been identified as a kind of media that rationalize, normalize, or minimize depicted experiences that span from everyday frustration to existential despair or violence (Andreasen, 2021 ; Shifman, 2013 ). Prior work has demonstrated that memes about climate change help to mitigate anxiety, whereas memes about white supremacy and misogyny make more abhorrent content “more palatable” (Lagerwey & Nygaard, 2020 ; Shifman, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…364-365). Although memes may be positioned as funny or as jokes, researchers have noted that the humor may be dismissive or disparaging, and may reinforce sexist or racist ideas (Andreasen, 2021;Cann & Castro, 2022;Yoon, 2016). Memes are commonly comprised of images that are often paired with text that are shared online (sometimes with slight variation, as users interact with them), but videos, written text, catch phrases, fashion trends, and other cultural units can also become memes (Knobel & Lankshear, 2007, Shifman, 2013 as they are widely shared across networks.…”

Section: Internet Memesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, shame was also sometimes used to mock people who chose not to choke others, and specifically to mock men as too vanilla, too weak, or not masculine enough if they did not choke their (usually female) partner or did not do so with enough force or intensity. In this way, the memes we analyzed were reminiscent of prior research that has identified racism and misogyny in memes (Al-Natour, 2021;Andreasen, 2021;Moody-Ramirez et al, 2021;Yoon, 2016), suggesting that they may also contribute to harmful attitudes about women and people of color. That said, the use of humor may also indicate the intention to highlight and contradict racism and misogyny, including to bring to light problematic viewpoints or practices.…”

Section: Sexual Shame and Religionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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#ChokeMeDaddy: A Content Analysis of Memes Related to Choking/Strangulation During Sex

et al. 2022

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Recent research indicates that some young people initially learn about sexual choking through Internet memes. Thus, a qualitative content analysis was performed on 316 visual and textual memes collected from various social media websites and online searches to assess salient categories related to choking during sex. We identified nine main categories: communication, gendered dynamics, choking as dangerous, choking as sexy, sexualization of the nonsexual, shame and worry, romance/rough sex juxtaposition, choking and religious references, instructional/informational. Given that memes, through their humor, can make difficult topics more palatable and minimize potential harm in the phenomenon they depict, more concerted, synergistic effort that integrates media literacy into sexuality education programming on the potential risks that may ensue for those engaging in sexual choking is warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10508-022-02502-5.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Internet Memesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sexual Shame and Religionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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#ChokeMeDaddy: A Content Analysis of Memes Related to Choking/Strangulation During Sex

et al. 2022

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“…• Violence: A meme that indicates physical and/or a call to violence against women (Andreasen, 2021).…”

Section: Dataset and Annotation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

SemEval-2022 Task 5: Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification

Fersini¹,

Gasparini²,

Rizzi³

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2022)

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The paper describes the SemEval-2022 Task 5: Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification (MAMI),which explores the detection of misogynous memes on the web by taking advantage of available texts and images. The task has been organised in two related sub-tasks: the first one is focused on recognising whether a meme is misogynous or not (Sub-task A), while the second one is devoted to recognising types of misogyny (Sub-task B). MAMI has been one of the most popular tasks at SemEval-2022 with more than 400 participants, 65 teams involved in Sub-task A and 41 in Sub-task B from 13 countries. The MAMI challenge received 4214 submitted runs (of which 166 uploaded on the leader-board), denoting an enthusiastic participation for the proposed problem. The collection and annotation is described for the task dataset. The paper provides an overview of the systems proposed for the challenge, reports the results achieved in both sub-tasks and outlines a description of the main errors for a comprehension of the systems capabilities and for detailing future research perspectives.

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“…Male sexual impulse and lack of control are portrayed as natural, with female victims being blamed (Gius, 2021). There are even records of concern about the potential damage to the perpetrators' careers (Andreasen, 2020). In social networks such as Twitter, with strong linguistic expression, Garcia-Díaz et al (2021) concluded that online misogyny shares characteristics of different cultural backgrounds and linguistic resources.…”

Section: Sexual Violence Facilitated By Technology -Dimensions Of Tfsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology-facilitated sexual violence: a review of virtual violence against women

Araújo

Bonfim

Bushatsky

et al. 2022

RSD

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With the modernization of technology, new virtual forms of violence have emerged and old ways of perpetrating violence against women have been exacerbated with the use of the internet and social networks. This study aimed to investigate the forms of violence against women on the internet. This is an integrative literature review of the electronc databases SciVerse Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Scientific Electronic Library Online. The inclusion criteria were publications that occurred in the time span from January 2016 to July 2021, with the descriptors "Violence," "Internet," "Woman," "Gender," "Sexual Violence," "Sexual Harassment," "Intimate Partner Violence," and "Internet and Abuse". As a result of the review, 30 articles were selected. Nine categories of violence against women on the Internet were identified, included in the concept of sexual violence facilitated by technology, in addition to digital dating abuse and cyberbullying. The most commonly addressed categories were digital dating abuse, revenge porn, sexting, and online misogyny. Most of the studies found concluded greater online victimization for women than for men in all categories except cyberbullying.

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‘Rapeable’ and ‘unrapeable’ women: the portrayal of sexual violence in Internet memes about #MeToo

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

#ChokeMeDaddy: A Content Analysis of Memes Related to Choking/Strangulation During Sex

#ChokeMeDaddy: A Content Analysis of Memes Related to Choking/Strangulation During Sex

SemEval-2022 Task 5: Multimedia Automatic Misogyny Identification

Technology-facilitated sexual violence: a review of virtual violence against women

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