Rapid Analysis for Codeine by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Papadoyannis, Ioannis N.; Caddy, B.

doi:10.1080/00032718608066283

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

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Alkaloids, Pharmaceutical Analysis of

Gilpin¹,

Hann²

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Although alkaloids are naturally occurring bases, additional generalizations are difficult because they include a wide range of structurally dissimilar compounds. They vary greatly in their chemical and physical properties as well as in their distribution in nature. In some cases certain alkaloids are associated with only a single species of plant, whereas others are more widely distributed between biological groupings of plants, and yet others are found in a wide range of unrelated plants. Likewise, the concentration of a particular compound may be highly localized within a given region of one plant and found predominantly in a different region of another plant. In some cases the levels of an alkaloid may be relatively high and its isolation as a natural product may be economically feasible, whereas in other cases the levels may be extremely low and less commercially desirable. The medicinal use of alkaloids in the form of crude plant extracts has been known for several thousand years and today there are hundreds that have been isolated and characterized. However, very few of them are accepted therapeutically and many of these fit into the broad categories of cinchona, ergot, opium, rauwolfia, tropane, vinca and xanthine alkaloids.

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Alkaloids, Pharmaceutical Analysis of

Gilpin¹,

Hann²

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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show abstract

Alkaloids, Pharmaceutical Analysis of

Gilpin

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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As a major class of compounds, alkaloids are naturally occurring bases with a wide range of structures, chemical, and physical properties, and pharmacological activities. The use of alkaloids as medical agents in the form of crude plant powders and extracts predates the modern pharmaceutical industry by almost four millennia and in some instances prior to modern science. Mass poisonings have resulted from their inadvertent usage and was prevalent in Europe during the Middle Ages as the result of the general populace eating bread contaminated with Claviceps purpurea . The C. purpurea fungus produces an ergot alkaloid that first affects the central nervous system causing hallucinogenic effects and later death if enough is ingested. Ergot poisoning in the Middles Ages is perhaps best known for its effect on the painters “of‐the‐day” and their impressionistic styles and use of vivid colors.

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