Rapid Analysis of Cell–Nanoparticle Interactions using Single‐Cell Raman Trapping Microscopy

Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in preclinical studies to label stem cells for non-invasive tracking and homing. The search continues for novel particle candidates that are suitable for clinical applications. Since standard analyses to investigate cell-particle interactions and safety are labor-intensive, an efficient procedure is required to guide future particle development and to exclude adverse health effects. The application of combined Raman trapping microscopy with fluidic chips is reported for the analysis of single cells labeled with different types of aminated iron oxide particles. Multivariate data analysis revealed Raman signal differences that could be clearly assigned to cell-particle interactions and cytotoxicity, respectively. A validation dataset verified that more than 95 % of the spectra were correctly classified. Thus, our approach enables rapid discrimination of non-hazardous from cytotoxic nanoparticles as a prerequisite for safe clinical applications.

Spatial confinement toward creating artificial living systems

“…The combination of microscopy techniques also makes it possible to interrogate the activities of living systems at multiple levels with high precision. [201][202][203] It is thus envisioned that these approaches could be further improved in terms of resolution, image processing, and modelling for the study of more complicated living systems. Besides, lab-on-a-chip platforms equipped with computational tools could be further explored to provide spatiotemporal control over the mechanical and biochemical determinants.…”

Cellular Interaction Regulation by Protein Corona Control of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanogels Using Intrinsic Proteins

“…The development of nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanogels, and nanorods, will revolutionize the biomedical field, particularly in the advancement of drug delivery, bioimaging, and theranostics. − For these applications, avoiding immune cell-mediated recognition and subsequent clearance of the foreign nanomaterial without compromising the host’s immune response is critical. Thus, understanding how nanoparticles interact with living cells, including macrophages and monocytes, and how this interaction may regulate cellular communication is essential. − Furthermore, the therapeutic use of nanomaterials for drug delivery in cancer treatment requires that the nanomaterials target the cancer cells before initiating controlled drug release. Understanding this cell-specific mode of drug delivery may potentially allow reduction of the dosage required to achieve the therapeutic effect and in turn prevent side effects.…”

Controllable Nanoparticle Aggregation through a Superhydrophobic Laser-Induced Graphene Dynamic System for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection

“…Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is widely used in chemical analysis, environmental monitoring, biological analysis, biomedical detection, and many other fields − because of its high sensitivity and nondestructive detection. , For single-molecule detection, in particular, SERS technology has ultrahigh resolution and can detect molecules in ultralow-concentration solutions. − As the Raman scattering signal is closely related to the separation distance of metal nanoparticles, − reducing the gaps between these nanoparticles is extremely important for improving SERS detection performance. Therefore, various physical and chemical methods have been applied to massive SERS substrates − to change the nanoparticle layout and create more effective “hot spots” for high-performance detection. − However, controllable aggregation of nanoparticles in Raman-enhanced detection remains challenging owing to existing nanomanufacturing limitations.…”