Rapid and advanced tools for mycotoxin analysis: a review

Abstract

The problems associated with mycotoxin contamination of foods and feeds are well established and, in many cases, have been known for a long time. Consequently, the techniques for detecting known mycotoxins are quite advanced and range from methods for directly detecting the toxins themselves, based upon physical characteristics of the toxins, to methods for indirectly detecting the toxins, such as immunoassays. This review focuses on recent technologies that can be used to detect mycotoxins and, as such, is not a comprehensive review of the mycotoxin analytical literature. Rather, the intent is to survey the range of technologies from those that are instrument intensive such as modern chromatographic methods to those that require no instrumentation, such as certain immunoassays and biosensors. In particular, mass spectrometric techniques using ambient ionization offer the intriguing possibility of non-destructive sampling and detection. The potential application of one such technique, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), is demonstrated for fumonisin B(1) on maize. While methods for detecting mycotoxins are quite advanced, the need remains for assays with increased throughput, for the exploration of novel detection technologies, and for the comprehensive validation of such technologies as they continue to be developed.

Advanced LC–MS-based methods to study the co-occurrence and metabolization of multiple mycotoxins in cereals and cereal-based food

“…In the past 10 years, several review articles on the occurrence and determination of mycotoxins have been published [11,13,16,[20][21][22][23][24]. Moreover, new developments and updates in this field are covered on a yearly basis in World Mycotoxin Journal [25][26][27][28].…”

Production and characterization of a single chain variable fragment (scFv) against the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol

“…Recent advances in mycotoxin analysis have been well reviewed (Krska et al, 2008;Maragos & Busman, 2010;Shephard et al, 2010;Turner, Subrahmanyam, & Piletsky, 2009). Commonly used methods include various chromatographic techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography.…”

Development of a multiple immunoaffinity column for simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in feeds using UPLC–MS/MS

“…As a result of the potential hazards associated with these toxins, many governments require regular monitoring for multiple mycotoxins and have set maximum residue limits for these compounds. The most prominent and most dangerous that are associated with food safety are the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), ZEN, the T-2 toxins, and the penultimate precursor to AFB1, sterigmatocystin (ST) [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”