Rapid and efficient colorimetric sensing of clindamycin and Fe3+ using controllable phyto-synthesized silver/silver chloride nanoparticles by Syzygium cumini fruit extract

Abstract

The first evidence of a green, single-step, and additive-free process for the fabrication of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl NPs) by fruit extract of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) without the usage of any stabilizer and halide source was provided. The formation of nanoparticles was optimized to control the shape, size, and stability via various pHs of the reaction mixture, the quantity of fruit extract, temperature, concentrations of silver ion, and reaction time. The optimal conditions were determined: pH = 7.0, the quantity of the leaf extract = 3.0 mL, silver ion concentration = 1.0 mM, temperature = 60 °C, and incubation time = 40 min. As an application in colorimetric sensing, the ability of the prepared Ag/AgCl NPs to sense clindamycin and Fe3+ ion in an aqueous medium was investigated. The SPR band and color of the solution of Ag/AgCl NPs undergo dramatic changes in exposure to clindamycin with new SPR peaks appearing at 500 nm, accompanied by a color change from yellow to pink due to the aggregation of NPs. Under the optimized pH of 3.0, this sensor was shown a linear dynamic range from 10.0 to 100.0 µM with a LOD of 1.2 µM and good linear relationships (R2 = 0.99) for clindamycin. On the other hand, the quenching of the SPR peak at 412 nm was used to monitor the Fe3+ ions with wide linear ranges of 10.0–350.0 µM under the optimized pH (pH = 9) with a LOD of 5.6 µM. In addition, the proposed sensor displayed applicability in the real sample containing clindamycin (in capsules and injection ampoules) and Fe3+ ions (in water samples) detection. Graphical Abstract

A facile strategy for preparation of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles using Cordia myxa leaf extract and investigating its adsorption activity in dye removal

“…Considering the importance of MNPs, a wide variety of chemical and physical procedures have been applied for the preparation of Fe 3 O 4 MNPs, such as solvothermal synthesis 22 , hydrolysis 23 , sonochemical synthesis 24 , 25 , hydrothermal synthesis 26 , electrochemical synthesis 27 , inverse emulsion polymerization 28 , surfactant-templated synthesis 29 , sol–gel technology 30 , laser ablation 31 , and co-precipitation 32 . However, such methods faced limitations of toxic chemicals/reagents, sophisticated procedures, temperature requirements, and energy consumption, and therefore they affect the environment 33 , 34 . To circumvent the problems of conventional synthesis procedures, biosynthesis of nanoparticles has recently been introduced as an efficient alternative to physicochemical methods since it is affordable, simple, and environmentally friendly, without requiring hazardous chemicals and producing toxic by-products 35 , 36 .…”

Current Knowledge, Research Progress, and Future Prospects of Phyto-Synthesized Nanoparticles Interactions with Food Crops under Induced Drought Stress

“…Phyto-synthesized NPs have shown many unique properties by increasing efficiency and surface-area-to-volume ratios. This leads to beneficial nutrient uptake and effects on growth, breaches the biological blocks, and links with plant organisms at the molecular level [16,17]. Previous studies showed that specific photo-synthesized NPs could improve the photosynthetic ability of plants, letting them cope with water-stress conditions and capture and utilize light more efficiently.…”

“…Our main goal should be to study the interactions between these nanoparticles and plant cells and how they affect different physiological and biochemical pathways. This understanding allows us to create nanoparticles suited for various applications [16]. Scientists can use cutting-edge approaches, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to explore the complex molecular processes of boosting plants with NPs.…”