Rapid and reliable method for analysis of raw and honey-processed astragalus by UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS using HSS T3 columns

et al. 2018

Molecules

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Honey-processed Astragalus is a dosage form of Radix Astragalus mixed with honey by a traditional Chinese medicine processing method which strengthens the tonic effect. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), perform its immunomodulatory effects by relying on the tonic effect of Radix Astragalus, therefore, the improved pharmacological activity of honey-processed Astragalus polysaccharide (HAPS) might be due to structural changes during processing. The molecular weights of HAPS and APS were 1,695,788 Da, 2,047,756 Da, respectively, as determined by high performance gel filtration chromatography combined with evaporative light scattering detection (HPGFC-ELSD). The monosaccharide composition was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatogram quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) after pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). The results showed that the essential components were mannose, glucose, xylose, arabinose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose, is molar ratios of 0.06:28.34:0.58:0.24:0.33:0.21 and 0.27:12.83:1.63:0.71:1.04:0.56, respectively. FT-IR and NMR analysis of HAPS results showed the presence of uronic acid and acetyl groups. The anti-inflammatory activities of HAPS were more effective than those of APS according to the NO contents and the expression of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-22 and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. This findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory and bioactivity improvement might be associated with molecular structure changes, bearing on the potential immunomodulatory action.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure Characterization of Honey-Processed Astragalus Polysaccharides and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vitro

Liao

et al. 2018

Molecules

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“…Samples were maintained in our laboratory (specimen number 20120525). Honey‐processed Astragalus was made according to the Chinese pharmacopeia 2015, the early experimental study of its chemical composition showed that honey‐processed Astragalus meets the provision of TCM .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies on the chemical characterization of compounds in honey‐processed Astragalus and astragali radix showed that the content of isoflavonoids was reduced, whereas saponins were slightly increased after honey‐processed Astragalus . The pharmacological effects of honey‐processed Astragalus are related to the changes of chemical compositions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of pathways activity profiling to urine metabolomics for screening Qi‐tonifying biomarkers and metabolic pathways of honey‐processed Astragalus

Liu

J of Separation Science

et al. 2018

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Honey-processed Astragalus, a widely used Qi-tonifying and immunomodulating herb in traditional Chinese medicine, has strengthened the tonic effects and achieved fewer side effects compared with astragali radix in clinical application. Here, we focus on Qi-tonifying biomarkers and pathways of honey-processed Astragalus using urine metabolomics that provide the basis for building the linkage between metabolites in rat urine and its symptoms. The spleen Qi deficiency model group, normal group, astragali radix group, and honey-processed Astragalus group were implemented to evaluate Qi-tonifying effects. Twelve potential biomarkers were screened by multivariate statistical analysis by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, pathways activity profiling showed unique pathways that are primarily involved in tryptophan metabolism, tricarboxylic acids cycle, and methionine metabolism. The results demonstrated that metabolomics coupled with pathway activity profiling were promising tools. It might serve as a novel methodological clue to systematically dissect the underlying Qi-tonifying mechanism of honey-processed Astragalus.

“…At present, reports of Astragalus research mainly focus on the chemical ingredients in vitro and the pharmacological effects [5,6]. The pharmacological research reported that the effect of immunomodulatory of honey‐processed Astragalus was better than the raw products [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pharmacological research reported that the effect of immunomodulatory of honey‐processed Astragalus was better than the raw products [7]. Previously, we have compared the chemical composition of them and the results showed that the contents variations happened in some components [5]. Studies have shown that the components successfully assimilated into blood could transform the potential bioactive ingredients [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for determining the bioactive ingredients of honey‐processed Astragalus by serum pharmacochemistry integrated with multivariate statistical analysis

J of Separation Science

Rui

et al. 2020

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Honey-processed Astragalus is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has a better effect on reinforcing "Qi" (vital energy) than the raw one. A comparative study of metabolites analysis between them in rat serum for finding the bioactive ingredients was carried out using serum pharmacochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis. The blood collection methods and time were optimized first. Then the prototypes and metabolites in serum samples after oral administration were investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry integrated with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The contents of metabolites were also analyzed to evaluate the metabolic profile differences. As a result, nine prototypes and 36 metabolites were identified. Only two prototypes and 15 metabolites were different between raw and honey-processed Astragalus. Their biotransformation reactions contained the process of oxidation, demethylation, and hydrolysis in phase I and glucuronide conjugation or sulfate conjugation in phase II. Most of the detected metabolites were transformed from isoflavones and isoflavanes. Our results expand the knowledge about the influence of honey-processing on Article Related Abbreviations: BPI, base peak ion chromatograms; EICS, extracted ion chromatograms; m/z, mass-to-charge ratio; OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis; PCA, principal component analysis; PLS-DA, partial least squares-discriminant analysis. 2062 HUANG ET AL.Astragalus and suggest the different curative effects between raw and honey-processed Astragalus might due to their therapeutic material discrepancy. K E Y W O R D Smetabolites, multivariate statistical analysis, prototypes, serum pharmacochemistry, traditional Chinese medicine SUPPORTING INFORMATIONAdditional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article.How to cite this article: Huang J, Rui W, Wu J, Ye M, Huang L, Chen H. Strategies for determining the bioactive ingredients of honey-processed Astragalus by serum pharmacochemistry integrated with multivariate statistical analysis.