Rapid and repetitive plant regeneration of Aralia elata Seem. via somatic embryogenesis

Abstract

In this work, we established a rapid and repetitive plant regeneration system for Aralia elata Seem. via primary and secondary somatic embryogenesis. Primary somatic embryogenesis was induced using leaf disks, petiole, and root segments, individually cultured for 5 weeks on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) (1972) medium with 0-5.0 mg/l indolebutyric acid (IBA). Our investigation demonstrated that optimal IBA concentrations of 3.0, 2.0, and 0.3 mg/l resulted in 100% somatic embryogenesis rates and averages of 11.3, 10.0, and 8.6 somatic embryos per explant for leaf disks, petiole, and root segments, respectively. The primary somatic embryos were used to conduct secondary somatic embryogenesis and the following treatments, in a gradient series, were examined: 0.3-4.0 mg/l IBA, 10-70 g/l sucrose and 0.2-3.0 mg/l abscisic acid (ABA). The results indicated that IBA was more effective than sucrose and ABA, and 3.0 mg/l IBA was the most suitable concentration for secondary somatic embryogenesis. Histological preparations indicated a multi-cellular origin of secondary somatic embryos and different morphological developmental stages during secondary somatic embryogenesis. Primary and secondary somatic embryos germinated readily and developed into normal plantlets after 2 weeks in woody plant medium (WPM, Lloyd and McCown 1980) with 20 g/l sucrose. At 4-5 cm in length, plantlets were transferred to soil (1:1 v/v of peat moss and sand) and the survival rate was 89% after 4 weeks under greenhouse conditions. This system provides a viable contribution to A. elata gene transformation, breeding and regeneration.

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf and petiole explants of Campanula punctata Lam. var. rubriflora Makino

“…Addition of BA with various concentrations of IAA or NAA induced adventitious shoots at the cut ends of explants (data not shown), while the explants produced SE directly without an intervening callus when cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D plus 1.0 mg L -1 BA (Table 1). 2,4-D has been proven to be the most potent auxin and effective for SE induction in most plant species (Chen et al 2010;Konieczny et al 2010;Prange et al 2010;Ratanasanobon and Seaton 2010;Yang et al 2010;Zhang et al 2010;Chai et al 2011;Chitra Devi and Narmathabai 2011;Dai et al 2011) In contrast, SE induction did not occur when the explants were cultured on MS medium devoid of any plant growth regulators. Embryos were induced both light and dark conditions but culturing the explants 2 weeks in the dark followed by 3 weeks under light resulted in high frequency of SE formation.…”

A high-frequency cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis system for Cyclamen persicum Mill

“…The disagreement of the two researches may come from differences in genotype, induction medium, and other culture conditions. Somatic embryos have been shown to be an excellent source for secondary embryogenesis in a multiple plant species, such as Neem (Singh andChaturvedi 2009), Ocotea catharinensis (Santa-Catarina et al 2004), carnation (Karami et al 2008) and Aralia elata (Dai et al 2011). In the cyclic secondary embryogenesis, a large number of embryos can be proliferated repeatedly from single culture of primary embryos (Singh and Chaturvedi 2009).…”

Induction of somatic embryogenesis from female flower buds of elite Schisandra chinensis

“…Secondary SE is a process in which new somatic embryos are initiated from primary ones. This process has certain advantages compared with primary SE, such as independence from explants, ease of maintenance, high induction frequency, and repeatability (Dai et al 2010). Moreover, secondary SE frequently occurs on medium lacking plant growth regulators (PGRs) (Nair and Gupta 2006;Yang et al 2010b).…”