Sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) are emerging fluorescent nanomaterials,
whereas most of the methods for synthesizing SQDs are limited to thermal
synthesis. In this study, we report the first case of a light-driven
strategy for facile synthesis of SQDs and further applied the SQDs
for fluorescence cell imaging. The light-driven synthesis strategy
only utilized Na2S as the sulfur source and nano-TiO2 as the photosensitizer. Under ultraviolet illumination, the
nano-TiO2 photosensitizer generated a large number of •O2– and •OH to
oxidize S2– to S
x
2– and further to elemental sulfur, which could be obtained
as monodispersed SQDs after etching by H2O2.
The prepared SQDs exhibit excellent tunable photoluminescence properties,
superior stability, and a uniform small size, with particle diameters
in the range of 0.5–4 nm, and the fluorescence absolute quantum
yield is as high as 27.8%. Meanwhile, the prepared SQDs also exhibited
extreme biocompatibility and stability, and we further applied it
for intracellular imaging and Hg2+ sensing with satisfactory
results. In comparison to the widely reported thermal synthesis, the
light-driven synthesis method is greener and simpler, opening a new
way for the preparation of biocompatible SQDs.