Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Bacteria Response to Antibiotics Using Nanoporous Membrane and Graphene Quantum Dot (GQDs)-Based Electrochemical Biosensors

Abstract

The wide abuse of antibiotics has accelerated bacterial multiresistance, which means there is a need to develop tools for rapid detection and characterization of bacterial response to antibiotics in the management of infections. In the study, an electrochemical biosensor based on nanoporous alumina membrane and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) was developed for bacterial response to antibiotics detection. Anti-Salmonella antibody was conjugated with amino-modified GQDs by glutaraldehyde and immobilized on silanized nanoporous alumina membranes for Salmonella bacteria capture. The impedance signals across nanoporous membranes could monitor the capture of bacteria on nanoporous membranes as well as bacterial response to antibiotics. This nanoporous membrane and GQD-based electrochemical biosensor achieved rapid detection of bacterial response to antibiotics within 30 min, and the detection limit could reach the pM level. It was capable of investigating the response of bacteria exposed to antibiotics much more rapidly and conveniently than traditional tools. The capability of studying the dynamic effects of antibiotics on bacteria has potential applications in the field of monitoring disease therapy, detecting comprehensive food safety hazards and even life in hostile environment.

Electrochemical Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria—Recent Strategies, Advances and Challenges

“…The integration of nanomaterials in biosensors has provided significant improvements in terms of selectivity and analysis time of biosensing methods . Considering the type of nanomaterial for sensor applications is crucial, as most of these materials are rather costly or require lengthy synthesis procedures.…”

“…The integration of nanomaterials in biosensors has provided significant improvements in terms of selectivity anda nalysis time of biosensing methods. [24,36,55,57,65,69] Consideringt he type of nanomaterial for sensor applicationsi sc rucial,a sm ost of these materials are rather costly or requirel engthy synthesis procedures. Furthermore, the possible release of nanoparticles in the environment and associated risks has been reported [72] and should be taken into consideration.…”

“…to monitor the bacterial response to antibiotics. The authors modified an alumina membrane with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to increase the surface‐to‐volume ratio . As a result, the detection of antibiotic response can be monitored within 30 minutes with an approximate detection limit of 1 pM.…”

“…The authors modified an alumina membrane with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to increase the surface-to-volume ratio. [69] As ar esult, the detection of antibiotic response can be monitored within 30 minutes with an approximate detection limit of 1pM. Therefore, this sensor has potential application in early disease diagnosis.…”

Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Biomedical Applications

“…The impedance increases due to the blockage of nanoporous skeleton by bacteria, and it decreases upon the addition of antibiotics because of bacterial cell deformation. In 2017, this capture/sensing mechanism was utilized and advanced by Ye et al to rapidly determine the target bacteria, and furthermore to infer bacterial response to antibiotics [149]. In the study, Salmonella typhimurium was selected as a model pathogenic bacteria.…”