Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Pesticides in Environmental Samples by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Pyle, Steven M.; Marcus, Alvin B.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9888(199708)32:8<897::aid-jms537>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…All of these studies have clearly demonstrated the usefulness of ASE. Most studies, however, were conducted using freshly spiked samples (17)(18)(19) or were conducted without method comparison (16). It is well-known that as pesticide residues age in soil, the extractability of pesticides decreases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the studies where method comparisons were made, the performance of ASE was consistently equivalent to or better than conventional methods such as Soxhlet and solvent−shake extractions, as well as new methods such as supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction. ASE application has been reported for the analysis of only a few pesticides in soil, including chlorinated insecticides ( , ), organophosphorus insecticides (), the herbicide diflufenican [2‘,4‘-difluoro-2-(α,α,α-trifluro- m -tolyloxy) nicotinanilide] (), and the fungicide hexaconazole [( RS )-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(1 H -1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexan-2-ol) (). All of these studies have clearly demonstrated the usefulness of ASE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Soil

Gan

Papiernik

Koskinen

et al. 1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Accelerated solvent extraction, or ASE, is a new extraction technique that is similar in principle to Soxhlet extraction, but the use of elevated temperature and pressure with ASE allows the extraction to be completed within a short time and with a small quantity of solvent. In this study, we investigated the effect of residue aging, solvent type, and ASE conditions on the recovery of atrazine and alachlor from different soils and compared the efficiency of ASE with that of Soxhlet and solvent−shake extractions. With ASE, the use of dichloromethane−acetone (1:1, v/v) or methanol as solvent resulted in significantly greater pesticide recovery than hexane. After the residue was aged for >2 weeks, pesticide recovery was significantly influenced by the extraction temperature in ASE vessel, and the recovery increased to 130−140 °C and then decreased. The efficiency of ASE was generally better than that for Soxhlet or shake extraction using methanol−water (4:1, v/v). ASE extraction also consumed considerably less solvent than the other two conventional methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Soil

Gan

Papiernik

Koskinen

et al. 1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Therefore, choice of sample preparation method has great influence on the reliability and accuracy . During the last few years, several methods have been adopted for the determination of endosulfan and its metabolites by GC–MS and GC with electron capture detection preceded by various preconcentration methods such as Soxhlet extraction , ultrasound‐assisted extraction , pressurised liquid extraction or accelerated solvent extraction , supercritical fluid extraction , quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method , liquid‐phase microextraction , SPE , and solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) in different matrices. Although these techniques are very useful, the current need is to develop a more selective sorbent that consumes less solvent for sample clean‐up and enrichment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of endosulfan isomers and their metabolites in tap water and commercial samples using microextraction by packed sorbent and GC–MS

Kaur

Rani

Malik

et al. 2014

J of Separation Science

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A simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive method using microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) followed by GC-MS has been pursued for the determination of organochlorine insecticide endosulfan isomers (α and β) and their metabolites (ether, lactone and sulfate). MEPS is a miniaturised version of SPE employing C18 packing material. It is very efficient technique as it employs as low as 10 μL of sample volume. The distinct feature of MEPS is the magnitude of the elution volume that could be directly injected to GC system. Various parameters such as extraction cycles, washing solvent, elution solvent, elution volume and pH, which influenced the MEPS performance, were tested and optimised. The calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range 1-500 ng/mL. The results showed a close correlation coefficient (R(2) > 0.991) for all analytes in the calibration range studied. The LOD and LOQ obtained for GC-MS under selected ion monitoring acquisition are between 0.0038-0.01 and 0.0125-0.033 ng/mL, respectively. The developed method is applicable for the quantification of these compounds in tap water and commercial samples. This method has been shown to be selective as no interferences from endogenous substances were detected by analysis. This method not only decreases sample preparation time but is cheaper, eco-friendly and easier to perform compared to traditional techniques.

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“…This approach can unambigu ously distinguish the compound of interest from other compounds that have parent ions of the same mass-to-charge ratio ( m / z ). The ability to trap an ion of interest (MS/MS in time) and then selectively remove the matrix ions from the manifold makes it possible to directly analyze for specific compounds at very low levels in complex matrixes or sample extracts ( , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ECD-Dual-Column Pesticide Method Verification by Ion Trap GC/MS and GC/MS/MS

Pyle

Marcus

Robertson

1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Soil extracts from five Superfund Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) laboratories were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides using gas chromatographic separation with ion trap mass spectrometric detection in both electron impact (GC/EIMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) modes. These results were compared with those from the standard CLP dual-column gas chromatography electron capture detection (GC/ECD) pesticide method. This was accomplished to (a) determine the number of false positives and false negatives in the CLP data, (b) evaluate ion trap GC/MS/MS as a potential technique to replace/augment conventional ECD-dual-column methodology, and (c) to compare conventional ion trap GC/EIMS with the relatively new ion trap GC/MS/MS. In all, 16 pesticide extracts from five CLP laboratories were analyzed for 20 pesticides by GC/EIMS and GC/MS/MS, and the data were compared with the results from the CLP method (ECD-dual-column pesticide method). Of a possible 960 parameters (20 analytes × 16 samples × 3 data sets), there were 253 detections with concentrations ranging from 1 pg/μL to 77 ng/μL. The respective number of false positives and false negatives were 27 and 1 for GC/MS/MS, 6 and 10 for GC/EIMS, and 25 and 9 for the CLP data. Causes of erroneous results are discussed.

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Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Pesticides in Environmental Samples by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Soil

Evaluation of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Soil

Determination of endosulfan isomers and their metabolites in tap water and commercial samples using microextraction by packed sorbent and GC–MS

ECD-Dual-Column Pesticide Method Verification by Ion Trap GC/MS and GC/MS/MS

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