Rapid and sensitive determination of carbohydrates in foods using high temperature liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection

Abstract

In the present work, an evaporative light scattering detector was used as a high-temperature liquid chromatography detector for the determination of carbohydrates. The compounds studied were glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose. The effect of column temperature on the retention times and detectability of these compounds was investigated. Column heating temperatures ranged from 25 to 175°C. The optimum temperature in terms of peak resolution and detectability with pure water as mobile phase and a liquid flow rate of 1 mL/min was 150°C as it allowed the separation of glucose and the three disaccharides here considered in less than 3 min. These conditions were employed for lactose determination in milk samples. Limits of quantification were between 2 and 4.7 mg/L. On the other hand, a temperature gradient was developed for the simultaneous determination of glucose, fructose, and sucrose in orange juices, due to coelution of monosaccharides at temperatures higher than 70°C, being limits of quantifications between 8.5 and 12 mg/L. The proposed hyphenation was successfully applied to different types of milk and different varieties of oranges and mandarins. Recoveries for spiked samples were close to 100% for all the studied analytes.

Optimisation of analytical methods for the characterisation of oranges, clementines and citrus hybrids cultivated in Spain on the basis of their composition in ascorbic acid, citric acid and major sugars

“…() and Terol et al . (). Furthermore, the relation of fructose vs. glucose was nearly the same for all the cultivars except for the Sanguinelli variety.…”

Analysis of small carbohydrates in several bioactive botanicals by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

“…For HPLC, the conventional fluorescence detection of underivatized carbohydrates is not applicable since their molecules do not contain fluorophores and UV detection must be performed at very low wavelength where many interferences may occur. For this reason, either refractive index, evaporative light scattering , pulsed amperometric , or mass spectrometric (MS or MS/MS) ] detection are utilized. The separation on pellicular CarboPac series of columns specifically designed for carbohydrate anion exchange separations has been proven adequate for the analysis of a wide range of carbohydrates (including sugar alcohols and larger polysaccharides).…”

Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids in Foods of Animal Origin

“…The choice of method is dictated essentially by the type and extent of analyte to be determined, as well as by the nature of the food matrix (Quirós and others ; Churms ). For the determination of carbohydrates and organic acids in foods of animal origin the most usual method is ion‐exchange chromatography (Leite and others ; Wang and others ; Gaze and others ) followed by reverse‐phase chromatography (Murtaza and others ; Terol and others ; Zhou and others ).…”

“…The quantitative determination of carbohydrates and organic acids is also important to monitor bacterial growth and activity (Izco and others ). High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been widely used to analyze carbohydrates and nonvolatile organic acids (Murtaza and others ; Terol and others ; Leite and others ; Wang and others ; Zhou and others ; Gaze and others ), while gas chromatography (GC) has been used to determine the volatile organic acids in complex matrixes (Yang and Choong ; Aljadi and Yusoff ; Spaziani and others ; Suzzi and others ).…”