Rapid and Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Classes of Antimicrobial Drugs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Routine Biomedical, Food, and Soil Analyses

Abstract

Antimicrobial agents (AMAs) are widely exploited nowadays to meet the high demand for animal-derived food. It has a significant impact on the food chain whose end consumers are human beings. The burden of AMAs on humans comes from either meat or crops cultivated on soil containing high residual antibiotics, which are responsible for the global crisis of antibiotic resistance. Thus, the objective of this study was to design a selective and sensitive liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MSbased simultaneous bioanalytical method for estimation of twenty AMAs in human plasma, raw meat, and soil samples. The selective extraction of all analytes from the above matrices was performed by the solid-phase extraction clean-up method to overcome the interferences. Analytes were separated on a Waters Symmetry Shield C18 (150 × 4.6 mm 2 , 5 μm) column, using an isocratic solvent system of methanol−0.5% formic acid (80:20, v/v) with 0.75 mL/min flow rate. The average extraction recoveries for all analytes in plasma were ranged from 42.0 to 94.0% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below ±15%. All of the validation parameters are in accordance with the United State Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidelines. Moreover, the method was also valid for a broad plasma concentration range and can be proposed as an excellent method for routine pharmacokinetic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring, clinical analysis, and detection and quantitation of AMA remnants in raw meat as a standard quality control test for human consumption.

Investigation on Chloramphenicol Residues in Poultry Meat in Bangladesh Using a Validated Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…The decision limit (CCα), and detection capability (CC β ) for CAP are 0.29µg/kg, and0.31 µg/kg respectively. Some LC-MS/MS methods have been published concerning the simultaneous determination of CAP in food and feed samples [18][19][20][21][22] with the different chromatographic conditions, longer retention time, and poor recoveries [23]. Although, these methods were reported for quantification of CAP in different sample matrices such as feed, meat, milk, honey, and some biological matrices [24][25][26] they are incompetent to analyze poultry meat.…”

The Effect of Dihydromyricetin on the Pharmacokinetics of Fluconazole in Sprague-Dawley Rat Plasma, Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…As HPLC-MS/MS approaches exhibit excellent sensitivity and specificity, they are widely used in the field of biological analysis, particularly when analysing complex biological matrices. 31 This study is the first to compare the pharmacokinetics of FLC, both in combination with DHM and on its own.…”

Antimicrobial Residue Accumulation Contributes to Higher Levels of Rhodococcus equi Carrying Resistance Genes in the Environment of Horse-Breeding Farms

“…The presence of antimicrobial residue in the soil samples for each farm and year was evaluated through antimicrobial extraction and mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial extraction was modified from a previously described protocol [ 28 ]. Briefly, 1 g of farm soil was combined with 3 mL of methanol in a 15 mL conical tube and mixed well for 10 min.…”