Rapid and Transient Induction of a Parsley Microsomal [delta]12 Fatty Acid Desaturase mRNA by Fungal Elicitor

Kirsch, Christoph; Hahlbrock, Klaus; Somssich, Imre E.

doi:10.1104/pp.115.1.283

Cited by 64 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In all cases, a representative experiment is shown. to that obtained by overexpression of other plant FAD2 genes, which range from 10 to 50% (11,13,19,25). More diunsaturated fatty acids were produced at 15°C than at 30°C, especially in FAD2-1 transformants.…”

Section: ϫ3mentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluidization of Membrane Lipids Enhances the Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Freezing and Salt Stress

Rodríguez-Vargas

Sánchez‐García

Martínez-Rivas

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

191

101

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Unsaturated fatty acids play an essential role in the biophysical characteristics of cell membranes and determine the proper function of membrane-attached proteins. Thus, the ability of cells to alter the degree of unsaturation in their membranes is an important factor in cellular acclimatization to environmental conditions. Many eukaryotic organisms can synthesize dienoic fatty acids, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae can introduce only a single double bond at the ⌬ 9 position. We expressed two sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oleate ⌬ 12 desaturases encoded by FAD2-1 and FAD2-3 in yeast cells of the wild-type W303-1A strain (trp1) and analyzed their effects on growth and stress tolerance. Production of the heterologous desaturases increased the content of dienoic fatty acids, especially 18:2⌬ 9,12 , the unsaturation index, and the fluidity of the yeast membrane. The total fatty acid content remained constant, and the level of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. Growth at 15°C was reduced in the FAD2 strains, probably due to tryptophan auxotrophy, since the trp1 (TRP1) transformants that produced the sunflower desaturases grew as well as the control strain did. Our results suggest that changes in the fluidity of the lipid bilayer affect tryptophan uptake and/or the correct targeting of tryptophan transporters. The expression of the sunflower desaturases, in either Trp ؉ or Trp ؊ strains, increased NaCl tolerance. Production of dienoic fatty acids increased the tolerance to freezing of wild-type cells preincubated at 30°C or 15°C. Thus, membrane fluidity is an essential determinant of stress resistance in S. cerevisiae, and engineering of membrane lipids has the potential to be a useful tool of increasing the tolerance to freezing in industrial strains.Tolerance to freezing is an essential trait influencing the viability and leavening capacity of baker's yeast in frozen dough (4, 42). The so-called frozen-dough technology has been widely accepted by consumers and bakers due to several advantages, which include supplying oven-fresh bakery products and improving labor conditions. However, no appropriate industrial strain with a high tolerance to freezing is available, and it is unlikely that the classical breeding program could significantly improve this trait. Freezing is a complex and multifaceted stress, in which different stressors and stress responses appear to play important roles. Cells exposed to subzero temperatures are injured by the formation of ice crystals and crystal growth during frozen storage (33). At a slow freezing rate, cells are exposed to hyperosmotic solutions and equilibrate by movement of water across the membranes (65). Finally, during the thawing process, cells can suffer biochemical damage by oxidative stress (16). It is not surprising, therefore, that tolerance to freezing involves several mechanisms working in concert.Biological membranes are the first barrier that separates cells from their environment and are a primary target for damage during environmental stress. Sudden changes in envi...

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Section: ϫ3mentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluidization of Membrane Lipids Enhances the Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Freezing and Salt Stress

Rodríguez-Vargas

Sánchez‐García

Martínez-Rivas

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

191

101

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“…This protein in Arabidopsis shares 40% identity with a parsley (Petroselinum crispum) immediate-early fungal elicitor protein CMPG1 (AAK69402), which was identified as a fast-responding gene to pathogen-derived elicitor, Pep25 oligopeptide elicitor from P. sojae (Kirsch et al, 1997). The elicitor Pep25 binds specifically to the plasma membrane leading to ion fluxes, hydrogen peroxide formation, activation of numerous defenserelated genes, and induction of the plant defense response.…”

Section: Nep1 Induces Transcripts Involved In Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Necrosis- and Ethylene-Inducing Peptide from Fusarium oxysporum Induces a Complex Cascade of Transcripts Associated with Signal Transduction and Cell Death in Arabidopsis

et al. 2006

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Treatment of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with a necrosis-and ethylene-inducing peptide (Nep1) from Fusarium oxysporum inhibited both root and cotyledon growth and triggered cell death, thereby generating necrotic spots. Nep1-like proteins are produced by divergent microbes, many of which are plant pathogens. Nep1 in the plant was localized to the cell wall and cytosol based on immunolocalization results. The ratio of chlorophyll a fluorescence (F685 nm/F730 nm) significantly decreased after 75-min treatment with Nep1 in comparison to the control. This suggested that a short-term compensation of photosynthesis occurred in response to localized damage to cells. The concentrations of most water-soluble metabolites analyzed were reduced in Arabidopsis seedlings after 6 h of Nep1 treatment, indicating that the integrity of cellular membranes had failed. Microarray results showed that short-term treatment with Nep1 altered expression of numerous genes encoding proteins putatively localized to organelles, especially the chloroplast and mitochondria. Short-term treatment with Nep1 induced multiple classes of genes involved in reactive oxygen species production, signal transduction, ethylene biosynthesis, membrane modification, apoptosis, and stress. Quantitative PCR was used to confirm the induction of genes localized in the chloroplast, mitochondria, and plasma membrane, and genes responsive to calcium/calmodulin complexes, ethylene, jasmonate, ethylene biosynthesis, WRKY, and cell death. The majority of Nep1-induced genes has been associated with general stress responses but has not been critically linked to resistance to plant disease. These results are consistent with Nep1 facilitating cell death as a component of diseases caused by necrotrophic plant pathogens.

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“…Fungal stimulation of polyacetylene accumulation has been seen in the other plant families (46E, C. tinctorius Asteraceae [486][487][488]; 46F, Vicia faba Leguminosae [489]; 4B-C, D. carota Apiaceae [490]). Elicitor-stimulated upregulation of acetylenase genes in parsley and sunflower together with the above metabolite observations supports acetylenic natural products functioning as phytoalexins [104,491]. Still, many of the genes necessary for the formation of the putative antifungal polyacetylenes need to be discovered, their in vivo functions remain to be directly established, and their regulation deciphered.…”

Section: Functional Significance Of Polyacetylenes and Related Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis and function of polyacetylenes and allied natural products

Minto

Blacklock

2008

Progress in Lipid Research

296

228

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Polyacetylenic natural products are a substantial class of often unstable compounds containing a unique carbon-carbon triple bond functionality, that are intriguing for their wide variety of biochemical and ecological functions, economic potential, and surprising mode of biosynthesis. Isotopic tracer experiments between 1960 and 1990 demonstrated that the majority of these compounds are derived from fatty acid and polyketide precursors. During the past decade, research into the metabolism of polyacetylenes has swiftly advanced, driven by the cloning of the first genes responsible for polyacetylene biosynthesis in plants, moss, fungi, and actinomycetes, and the initial characterization of the gene products.The current state of knowledge of the biochemistry and molecular genetics of polyacetylenic secondary metabolic pathways will be presented together with an up-to-date survey of new terrestrial and marine natural products, their known biological activities, and a discussion of their likely metabolic origins.

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Rapid and Transient Induction of a Parsley Microsomal [delta]12 Fatty Acid Desaturase mRNA by Fungal Elicitor

Cited by 64 publications

References 32 publications

Fluidization of Membrane Lipids Enhances the Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Freezing and Salt Stress

Fluidization of Membrane Lipids Enhances the Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Freezing and Salt Stress

Necrosis- and Ethylene-Inducing Peptide from Fusarium oxysporum Induces a Complex Cascade of Transcripts Associated with Signal Transduction and Cell Death in Arabidopsis

Biosynthesis and function of polyacetylenes and allied natural products

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