Rapid assessment of the cost-effectiveness of low impact development for CSO control

Montalto, Franco; Behr, Christopher T.; Alfredo, Katherine; Wolf, M.; Arye, Matvey; Walsh, Mary Norine

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.004

Cited by 228 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This growing media (total depth of 12 cm) is a blend of lapillus, crushed brickwork, pumice, sand of brickwork, and for the organic matter, a blend of peat and vegetable compost. This substrate has a bulk density of 1.225 g/cm 3 and a total porosity equal to 64%.…”

Section: The Laboratory Test Bedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrologic Restoration in the Urban Environment Using Green Roofs

Palla

Gnecco

Lanza

2010

Water

104

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Loss of natural soil and vegetation within the urban environment can significantly affect the hydrologic cycle by increasing storm water runoff rates and volumes. In order to mitigate these modifications in urban areas engineered systems are developed, such as green roofs, to mimic and replace functions (evapo-transpiration, infiltration, percolation) which have been altered due to the impact of human development. Green roofs, also known as vegetated roof covers, eco-roofs or nature roofs, are composite complex layered structures with specific environmental benefits. They are increasingly being used as a source control measure for urban storm water management. Indeed, they are able to re-establish the natural water cycle processes and to operate hydrologic control over storm water runoff with a derived peak flow attenuation, runoff volume reduction and increase of the time of concentration. Furthermore green roofs exhibit the capacity to reduce storm water pollution; they generally act as a storage device, consequently pollutants are accumulated in the substrate layer and released when intensive rainwater washes them out. In order to investigate the hydrologic response of a green roof, the University of Genova recently developed a joint laboratory and full-scale monitoring programme by installing a "controlled" laboratory test-bed with known rainfall input and a companion green roof experimental site (40 cm depth) in the town of Genoa. In the paper, data collected during the monitoring programme are presented and compared with literature data.

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Section: The Laboratory Test Bedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LID systems could become most effective when applied on private areas, e.g. green roofs on private rooftops, which occupy a large fraction of the land surface in the urban environment [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic Restoration in the Urban Environment Using Green Roofs

Palla

Gnecco

Lanza

2010

Water

104

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“…Generally speaking, these techniques rely on distributed runoff management measures that seek to control stormwater by reducing imperviousness and retaining, infiltrating and reusing stormwater on the development site where it is generated (Graham et al, 2004). LID has been recommended as an innovative solution for stormwater management (Andoh and Declerck, 1997;Montalto et al, 2007;Palhegyi, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of low impact development on urban flooding under different rainfall characteristics

Qin

2013

Journal of Environmental Management

430

201

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a b s t r a c tLow impact development (LID) is generally regarded as a more sustainable solution for urban stormwater management than conventional urban drainage systems. However, its effects on urban flooding at a scale of urban drainage systems have not been fully understood particularly when different rainfall characteristics are considered. In this paper, using an urbanizing catchment in China as a case study, the effects of three LID techniques (swale, permeable pavement and green roof) on urban flooding are analyzed and compared with the conventional drainage system design. A range of storm events with different rainfall amounts, durations and locations of peak intensity are considered for holistic assessment of the LID techniques. The effects are measured by the total flood volume reduction during a storm event compared to the conventional drainage system design. The results obtained indicate that all three LID scenarios are more effective in flood reduction during heavier and shorter storm events. Their performance, however, varies significantly according to the location of peak intensity. That is, swales perform best during a storm event with an early peak, permeable pavements perform best with a middle peak, and green roofs perform best with a late peak, respectively. The trends of flood reduction can be explained using a newly proposed water balance method, i.e., by comparing the effective storage depth of the LID designs with the accumulative rainfall amounts at the beginning and end of flooding in the conventional drainage system. This paper provides an insight into the performance of LID designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective urban flood management.

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“…Hatt et al, (2009) monitored the effect of three biofiltration sites and indicated that these facilities have a runoff peak-cutting ability of around 80% [57]. In addition, Montalto et al, (2007) revealed that the combination of green roofs, permeable pavements, and treatment wetlands in LID can reduce the CSO by 70%, which is more cost-effective than the conventional method [58]. Similarly, as a case of evaluating a combination of countermeasures, Miquel (2013) clarified that the runoff volume can be cut by 52%-85% by six types of GI, including green roofs and bioinfiltration [59].…”

Section: Evaluation Cases Of Local Rainwater Outflow-restraining Facimentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Influence of Various Stormwater Runoff Control Facilities on Runoff Control Efficiency in a Small Catchment Area

Itsukushima

Ogahara

Iwanaga³

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:Urbanization causes an increase in the flood discharge because of the infiltration capacity. Furthermore, extreme precipitation events have been an increasing concern for many regions worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different outflow control facilities on runoff reduction in a small watershed. We focused on the soil-improvement technology and rainwater tanks as outflow control facilities and conducted a runoff calculation using a rainfall event of a magnitude that is likely to occur once in a hundred years. The calculation showed that the soil-improvement technology reduced runoff during long-term continuous rainfall, whereas in a concentrated short-term rainfall event, a significant difference in the runoff reduction effect between rainfall tanks of various volumes was observed. Since effective countermeasures for runoff reduction differ depending on the rainfall distribution pattern, we suggested both facilities for storing initial rainfall and initiating countermeasures for penetration improvement over the long term.

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Rapid assessment of the cost-effectiveness of low impact development for CSO control

Cited by 228 publications

References 23 publications

Hydrologic Restoration in the Urban Environment Using Green Roofs

Hydrologic Restoration in the Urban Environment Using Green Roofs

The effects of low impact development on urban flooding under different rainfall characteristics

Investigating the Influence of Various Stormwater Runoff Control Facilities on Runoff Control Efficiency in a Small Catchment Area

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