Rapid category selectivity for animals versus man-made objects: An N2pc study

Moon, Austin; He, Chenxi; Ditta, Annie S.; Cheung, Olivia S.; Wu, Rachel

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.11.004

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While the control group showed a visual search advantage for living (i.e., dogs) over non-living targets (i.e., scissors), consistent with prior research (e.g., He and Cheung, 2019;Moon et al, 2022;New et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2015), the DecNef group displayed the opposite pattern of results. Specifically, they showed slower search performance for dogs compared to scissors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The slower search RTs for dogs items in DecNef participants is surprising, since previous research has demonstrated the faster recognition of living categories compared to non-living counterparts (He & Cheung, 2019;Moon et al, 2022;New, Cosmides, & Tooby, 2007;Wang, Tsuchiya, New, Hurlemann, & Adolphs, 2015). This prior evidence provides a critical baseline to assess and interpret the behavioral effects of DecNef on the visual search task.…”

Section: Visual Search Task: Behavioural Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Previous studies assessing the processing advantage for living items (i.e. animals) over non-living stimuli indicates that low- level visual features, such as power spectrum, luminance, and contrast, cannot account for this processing advantage (Wichmann, Braun, & Gegenfurtner, 2006; Wichmann, Drewes, Rosas, & Gegenfurtner, 2010) and that higher-level semantic categorization processes are most critical (He & Cheung, 2019; Moon, He, Ditta, Cheung, & Wu, 2022). However, Thorpe, Gegenfurtner, Fabre-Thorpe, and Buèlthoff (2001) showed how the detection of animal items dropped with increasing eccentricity levels in peripheral vision.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unconscious manipulation of conceptual representations with decoded neurofeedback impacts search behaviour

Margolles¹,

Elosegi²,

Mei³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The necessity of conscious awareness in human learning has been a long-standing topic in psychology and neuroscience. Previous research on non-conscious associative learning is limited by the low signal-to-noise ratio of the subliminal stimulus, and the evidence remains controversial, including failures to replicate. Here, functional MRI decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) allowed participants to generate brain activity patterns consistent with a perceptual state without awareness of the represented content. We aimed to instill perceptual meaning into a meaningless hiragana by conditioning it through reinforcing neural patterns associated with perceptual content (i.e. living), thereby bypassing the conscious mapping between symbol and the perceptual referent. Despite being unaware of the goal of DecNef training, participants learned to induce the target representation in fusiform cortex. Then, the behavioural significance of DecNef training was evaluated in a visual search task. DecNef and control participants searched for living or non-living targets that were pre-cued by the targeted hiragana during DecNef or by a novel hiragana. The targeted hiragana did not prime search for the associated target but, strikingly, participants were impaired at searching for the perceptual content targeted by DecNef. Hence, conscious awareness may function to support higher-order associative learning, while lower-level forms of re-learning, modification, or plasticity in established neural representations can occur unconsciously, with behavioural consequences outside the original training context. The work also offers an account of DecNef effects in terms of neural representational drift.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Visual Search Task: Behavioural Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unconscious manipulation of conceptual representations with decoded neurofeedback impacts search behaviour

Margolles¹,

Elosegi²,

Mei³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Specifically, previous studies found that there were two types of activation representation of category. One view postulated that the category representation was based on a shared and holistic concept (Barier et al, 2019;Moon et al, 2022), which assumed no dimension-related differences because all information from different dimensions could be integrated into a holistic concept (Chen-Ping et al 2016). However, in the current study, the results that the categorical processing was accommodated by color-and shape-dimensions was not in line with the conceptual activation of category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of uncertainty on category-specific attentional orientation was accommodated by shape- and color- dimension.

Wang,

Ou,

Miao

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our attentional orientation to a particular object or category is influenced by uncertainty. However, it is still unclear how different forms of uncertainty affect category-specific attentional orientation (CAO). In order to investigate the neural mechanisms of uncertainty on CAO in different dimensions, a task combined with associative learning task and visual search paradigm was employed in two event-related potential (ERP) experiments, and the target was defined by shape (Experiment 1) or color category (Experiment 2). As the uncertainty regarding background information, the expectation was manipulated by the validity between auditory cue and target’s location. As the uncertainty regarding immediate sensory information, the perceptual load was manipulated by the homogeneity of distractors. The results showed that in the shape dimension (Experiment 1), a larger N2pc was elicited by invalid cues relative to valid ones, indicating the role of expectation on CAO. In the color dimension (Experiment 2), the interaction between expectation and perceptual load for cue - elicited N2pc showed an integrated effect of two forms of uncertainty on CAO. The findings supported an account of feature-based activation of category and an integrated processing of two uncertainties on CAO with sufficient resources.

show abstract

“…Due to these differences, the modalities require different preprocessing and processing steps. First, while EEG can provide whole-brain coverage, and thus participant-specific data are used in EEG ( Karimi et al, 2022 ; Moon et al, 2022 ; Xu et al, 2022 ), ECoG has very limited brain coverage as electrode coverage is dictated by medical reasons for each individual; as such usually, the data are pooled across subjects from different participants to provide a wider coverage ( Sellers et al, 2019 ; Yang et al, 2019 ; Ahmadipour et al, 2021 ). Second, single trial ECoG data can provide reliable information ( Jacques et al, 2016b ; Haufe et al, 2018 ); however, it is typical to average several trials in EEG to reduce noise and acquire higher SNR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multivariate comparison of electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging to electrocorticogram using visual object representations in humans

Ebrahiminia

Cichy²,

Khaligh‐Razavi³

2022

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Today, most neurocognitive studies in humans employ the non-invasive neuroimaging techniques functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG). However, how the data provided by fMRI and EEG relate exactly to the underlying neural activity remains incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to understand the relation between EEG and fMRI data at the level of neural population codes using multivariate pattern analysis. In particular, we assessed whether this relation is affected when we change stimuli or introduce identity-preserving variations to them. For this, we recorded EEG and fMRI data separately from 21 healthy participants while participants viewed everyday objects in different viewing conditions, and then related the data to electrocorticogram (ECoG) data recorded for the same stimulus set from epileptic patients. The comparison of EEG and ECoG data showed that object category signals emerge swiftly in the visual system and can be detected by both EEG and ECoG at similar temporal delays after stimulus onset. The correlation between EEG and ECoG was reduced when object representations tolerant to changes in scale and orientation were considered. The comparison of fMRI and ECoG overall revealed a tighter relationship in occipital than in temporal regions, related to differences in fMRI signal-to-noise ratio. Together, our results reveal a complex relationship between fMRI, EEG, and ECoG signals at the level of population codes that critically depends on the time point after stimulus onset, the region investigated, and the visual contents used.

show abstract

Rapid category selectivity for animals versus man-made objects: An N2pc study

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Unconscious manipulation of conceptual representations with decoded neurofeedback impacts search behaviour

Unconscious manipulation of conceptual representations with decoded neurofeedback impacts search behaviour

The effect of uncertainty on category-specific attentional orientation was accommodated by shape- and color- dimension.

A multivariate comparison of electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging to electrocorticogram using visual object representations in humans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About