Rapid Changes in Soils Following Eucalyptus Afforestation in Hawaii

Binkley, Dan; Resh, Sigrid C.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300010032x

Cited by 94 publications

(94 citation statements)

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“…In addition, our measurements span a 2-year time period in which annual rainfall differed by $ 60%, allowing us to explore how variation in precipitation interacts with plant invasion to impact belowground C cycling. We hypothesized that: (H1) grass invasion would result in minimal changes in the size of soil C pools (Ehrenfeld, 2003), as loss of forest C 3 -C would be replaced by new grass C 4 -C (Bashkin & Binkley, 1998;Binkley & Resh, 1999;Osher et al, 2003); (H2) the flux of C into and out of soils would increase with invasion, and the grass contribution to these fluxes would be proportional to its contribution to total ecosystem C pools; and (H3) increased precipitation would increase all components of soil C flux, both with and without grass, but the relative increase in flux would be higher in grass-invaded forests (i.e. increased sensitivity to changes in precipitation with grass invasion) because grass production would be more limited by near-surface soil water availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A non‐native invasive grass increases soil carbon flux in a Hawaiian tropical dry forest

Litton

Sandquist

Cordell

2008

Global Change Biology

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Non-native plants are invading terrestrial ecosystems across the globe, yet little is known about how invasions impact carbon (C) cycling or how these impacts will be influenced by climate change. We quantified the effect of a non-native C 4 grass invasion on soil C pools and fluxes in a Hawaiian tropical dry forest over 2 years in which annual precipitation was average (Year 1) and $ 60% higher than average (Year 2). Work was conducted in a series of forested plots where the grass understory was completely removed (removal plots) or left intact (grass plots) for 3 years before experiment initiation. We hypothesized that grass invasion would: (i) not change total soil C pools, (ii) increase the flux of C into and out of soils, and (iii) increase the sensitivity of soil C flux to variability in precipitation. In grass plots, grasses accounted for 25-34% of litter layer C and $ 70% of fine root C. However, no differences were observed between treatments in the size of any soil C pools. Moreover, grass-derived C constituted a negligible fraction of the large mineral soil C pool (o3%) despite being present in the system for ! 50 years. Tree litterfall was $ 45% lower in grass plots, but grass-derived litterfall more than compensated for this reduction in both years. Annual cumulative soil-surface CO 2 efflux (R soil ) was $ 40% higher in grass plots in both years, and increased in both treatments by $ 36% in the wetter Year 2. Despite minimal grassderived mineral soil C, 475% of R soil in grass plots was of C 4 (i.e. grass) origin. These results demonstrate that grass invasion in forest ecosystems can increase the flux of C into and out of soils without changing total C pools, at least over the short term and as long as the native tree canopy remains intact, and that invasion-mediated changes in belowground C cycling are sensitive to precipitation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A non‐native invasive grass increases soil carbon flux in a Hawaiian tropical dry forest

Litton

Sandquist

Cordell

2008

Global Change Biology

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“…Plant species is an important factor influencing the soil C and N content. Thus, while total C content was un-changed in an area in Hawaii reforested with Eucalyptus saligna (Binkley & Resh, 1999), organic C increased under three of the eleven species planted in Costa Rica (Fisher, 1995). N 2 -fixing plants contribute to the soil N enrichment accumulating more C than the soils under non-N 2 -fixing species (Resh et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of soil microbiological properties in a degraded area planted with Corymbia citriodora and Leucaena leucocephala

Valpassos

Maltoni

Cassiolato

et al. 2007

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The influence of reforestation was evaluated during two season periods (February and October) in sites planted with Corymbia citriodora and Leucaena leucocephala through microorganism counts (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and nitrite oxidizers) and microbial activity (respiratory and urease activities). An Atlantic forest and a bare soil site were used as controls. The general trends of the variables in the different soils were: Atlantic forest or L. leucocephala > C. citriodora > bare soil. The microbial populations in L. leucocephala and C. citriodora soils were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that found in the bare soil. Similar results were obtained for respiratory and urease activities. The microbiological variables of the soil under L. leucocephala were comparable or even superior to that found under Atlantic forest. An improvement in the microbiological soil variables was observed in the soil under C. citriodora when compared to the soil without vegetation. These results can be attributed to an increasing amount of total organic C of the soils under L. leucocephala and C. citriodora in relation to the soil without vegetation.

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“…Reforestation and afforestation of agricultural land increase C storage in plant biomass relative to pasture or annual-crop vegetation, but it is still unclear what differences they exert on the storage of soil C (Bashkin and Binkley 1998;Binkley and Resh 1999;Richter and others 1999;Post and Kwon 2000). Moreover, the effect may differ among tree species (Lugo and others 1990).…”

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Greater Soil Carbon Sequestration under Nitrogen-fixing Trees Compared with Eucalyptus Species

2002

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Forests with nitrogen-fixing trees (N-fixers) typically accumulate more carbon (C) in soils than similar forests without N-fixing trees. This difference may develop from fundamentally different processes, with either greater accumulation of recently fixed C or reduced decomposition of older soil C. We compared the soil C pools under N-fixers with Eucalyptus (non-N-fixers) at four tropical sites: two sites on Andisol soils in Hawaii and two sites on Vertisol and Entisol soils in Puerto Rico. Using stable carbon isotope techniques, we tracked the loss of the old soil organic C from the previous C 4 land use (SOC 4 ) and the gain of new soil organic C from the C 3 , N-fixer, and non-N-fixer plantations (SOC 3 ). Soils beneath N-fixing trees sequestered 0.11 Ϯ 0.07 kg m Ϫ2 y Ϫ1 (mean Ϯ one standard error) of total soil organic carbon (SOC T ) compared with no change under Eucalyptus (0.00 Ϯ 0.07 kg m Ϫ2 y Ϫ1 ; P ϭ 0.02). About 55% of the greater SOC T sequestration under the N-fixers resulted from greater retention of old SOC 4 , and 45% resulted from greater accretion of new SOC 3 . Soil N accretion under the N-fixers explained 62% of the variability of the greater retention of old SOC 4 under the N-fixers. The greater retention of older soil C under N-fixing trees is a novel finding and may be important for strategies that use reforestation or afforestation to offset C emissions.

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Rapid Changes in Soils Following Eucalyptus Afforestation in Hawaii

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

A non‐native invasive grass increases soil carbon flux in a Hawaiian tropical dry forest

A non‐native invasive grass increases soil carbon flux in a Hawaiian tropical dry forest

Recovery of soil microbiological properties in a degraded area planted with Corymbia citriodora and Leucaena leucocephala

Greater Soil Carbon Sequestration under Nitrogen-fixing Trees Compared with Eucalyptus Species

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