Rapid Characterizaiton of Chemical Constituents of the Tubers of Gymnadenia conopsea by UPLC–Orbitrap–MS/MS Analysis

Abstract

Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br. is a traditional Tibetan medicinal plant that grows at altitudes above 3000 m, which is used to treat neurasthenia, asthma, coughs, and chronic hepatitis. However, a comprehensive configuration of the chemical profile of this plant has not been reported because of the complexity of its chemical constituents. In this study, a rapid and precise method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC–Orbitrap–MS/MS) was established in both positive- and negative-ion modes to rapidly identify various chemical components in the tubers of G. conopsea for the first time. Finally, a total of 91 compounds, including 17 succinic acid ester glycosides, 9 stilbenes, 6 phenanthrenes, 19 alkaloids, 11 terpenoids and steroids, 20 phenolic acid derivatives, and 9 others, were identified in the tubers of G. conopsea based on the accurate mass within 3 ppm error. Furthermore, many alkaloids, phenolic acid derivates, and terpenes were reported from G. conopsea for the first time. This rapid method provides an important scientific basis for further study on the cultivation, clinical application, and functional food of G. conopsea.

Effects of Extraction Methods on Phenolic Content in the Young Bamboo Culm Extracts of Bambusa beecheyana Munro

“…The fragment ion at m / z 146.0504 is due to the loss of hydroxyl and methoxy groups ( Figure 4 ). This was proven by previous research done by [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Compound ( 3 ) was identified as hydroxybenzoic acid with pseudomolecular ion peak at m / z 137.0179 based on a comparison with a previous report [ 30 ].…”

Hypoglycemic and H2O2-induced oxidative injury protective effects and the phytochemical profiles of the ethyl acetate fraction from Radix Paeoniae Alba

“…Peak 2 was identified as sucrose using the standard. Peak 3 was proposed as citric acid, and the MS/MS ion at 129 indicated the loss of the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups (31). Peak 23 with MS/MS ion at 229 indicated the presence of one phenol and three hydroxyl groups and was suggested as 6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (32).…”

Optimization of the extraction process and metabonomics analysis of uric acid-reducing active substances from Gymnadenia R.Br. and its protective effect on hyperuricemia zebrafish

“…Various research has been carried out on composition analysis to pharmacological analysis. So far, regarding the composition analysis side, hundreds of compounds have been identified, mainly glucosides, dihydrostilbenes, phenanthrenes, and aromatic compounds (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Among them, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis is commonly performed.…”

“…Forty-six compounds were identified from the ethanolic extract of Gym by extraction ion chromatography (EIC). Besides, a fast and precise system based on the combination of UPLC and Orbitrap MS/MS was established by Wang et al ( 7 ) finally, 91 compounds were identified by using both positive and negative ion modes in Gym tubers for the first time. The bioactive substances and biological efficacy of Gym have attracted extensive attention, and more and more methods have been developed for screening and identification of their metabolites.…”