Rapid characterization of edible oils by direct matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis using triacylglycerols

Lay, Jackson O.; Liyanage, Rohana; Durham, Bill; Brooks, John B.

doi:10.1002/rcm.2394

Cited by 66 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap MS is also used to compare analyses and confi rm levels of unsaturation. MALDI-TOF has been used for the rapid characterization of purifi ed edible oils based on the lipid fi ngerprint (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), but the utility of this method with more complex algae lipid extracts has not been demonstrated. The method reported herein provides analysis of the TAG fi ngerprints of different algae species while circumventing the need to derivatize samples for fatty acid ester analysis or use specialized instruments.…”

Section: Esi-ltq-orbitrap Analysis Of Algal Lipid Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triacylglycerol profiling of marine microalgae by mass spectrometry

Danielewicz

Anderson

Franz

2011

Journal of Lipid Research

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ingly important. The methods and pursuit of algae-based fuels also have applications for bioactive lipids and highvalue, lipid-based chemical precursors ( 4,5 ), including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carotenes, antioxidants, vitamins, and pigments, which have applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries. In all such applications, the methods of analysis, access to desired composition, total yield, and effi ciency with which lipids can be converted to usable products will be the ultimate determinants of industrial success.Previous analysis of algae lipid composition using GC/MS and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) has shown a broad variety of lipid classes: glycerolipids, such as monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyl-diacylglycerol (DGDG); phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC); and neutral lipids (triacylglycerols) ( 6-9 ). Many reports have focused on the analysis of polar lipids, but TAG analysis and composition have become increasingly important for biofuel applications. TAG analysis of mixed samples remains a challenge because of its lower ionization efficiency relative to polar lipids (such as phospholipids) ( 10 ). Analysis of neutral lipids in microalgae often relies on lipophilic fl uorescence and colorimetric assays ( 11, 12 ); however, these assays do not provide compositional TAG characterization. Compositional analysis of microalgal TAG primarily involves the initial separation of extracts using either liquid chromatography or thin-layer chromatography followed by MS analysis or derivatization of extracts, such as transesterifi cation, followed by analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by GC/MS ( 13-15 ). The direct analysis of algal triacylglycerol using pyrolysis GC/MS has been reported as a promising alternative, but the purchase of specialty equipment and use of higher temperature ranges may limit the broad utility of this method ( 16,17 ).Herein, we describe the compositional analysis of intact triacylglycerol of oleaginous marine algae using MALDI-TOF MS. MALDI-TOF provides a direct method Abstract We present a method for the determination of triacylglycerol (TAG) profi les of oleaginous saltwater microalgae relevant for the production of biofuels, bioactive lipids, and high-value lipid-based chemical precursors. We describe a technique to remove chlorophyll using quick, simple solid phase extraction (SPE) and directly compare the intact TAG composition of four microalgae species ( Phaeodactylum tricornutum , Nannochloropsis salina , Nannochloropsis oculata , and Microalgae have been identifi ed as an attractive source for the production of biofuels in addition to bioactive lipids and high-value, lipid-based chemical precursors based on their ability to produce 20% or more of their mass as oil. Due to the conversion of triacylglycerols (TAG) to fatty acid alkyl esters for use as biodiesel ( 1, 2 ), current research has focused on TAG production and analysis to make biofuels from microalgae a more economically feasible option ( 3 )....

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Section: Esi-ltq-orbitrap Analysis Of Algal Lipid Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triacylglycerol profiling of marine microalgae by mass spectrometry

Danielewicz

Anderson

Franz

2011

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…Using this protocol, it might be possible to monitor changes in the phospholipid ratios but not changes in TAGs. For some applications (and for lipidomicis studies), measurement of the relative changes of TAG as well as phospholipids is important (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Lay et al ( 15 ) demonstrated a rapid method for the analysis of edible oils by MALDI-MS that allowed determination of the relative abundances of TAGs with suffi cient accuracy to correctly identify blind-coded samples of various oils. Gidden et al ( 16 ) have also reported using MALDI-MS to rapidly differentiate Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis based on the phospholipid profi le and monitor changes in lipid content during the growth phases of the bacteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

A rapid separation technique for overcoming suppression of triacylglycerols by phosphatidylcholine using MALDI-TOF MS

Emerson

Gidden

Lay

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

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This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org where it is important to detect multiple lipid classes [i.e., phospholipids and triacylglycerols (TAGs)] include food analysis ( 1-3 ), cell biology ( 4 ), health effects ( 5 ), taxonomy ( 6 ), and other fi elds ( 7-11 ). However, because of different chemistries, it is often diffi cult to characterize one class of lipids in the presence of another, especially using rapid methods. Elegant methods have been developed for quantitative analysis in complex mixtures, but they are typically diffi cult to implement and are time consuming ( 8,12 ). There has been much recent interest in rapid MALDI-MS analysis of lipids due to its speed of analysis and high sensitivity ( 5,13,14 ). Sample preparation is quick because derivatization is not required (i.e., no silylation), HPLC separation is not needed, limited buffer or salt contamination is tolerated ( 9, 11, 13 ), and spectra are easy to interpret ( 13 ).MALDI-MS has functioned as both a qualitative and semiquantitative approach to measure and track effected biology-related phenomena. For example, Lay et al. ( 15 ) demonstrated a rapid method for the analysis of edible oils by MALDI-MS that allowed determination of the relative abundances of TAGs with suffi cient accuracy to correctly identify blind-coded samples of various oils. Gidden et al. ( 16 ) have also reported using MALDI-MS to rapidly differentiate Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis based on the phospholipid profi le and monitor changes in lipid content during the growth phases of the bacteria. However, this rapid MALDI-MS approach cannot currently be applied to experiments requiring the detection of multiple lipid classes in an unresolved mixture. Attempts to use direct MALDI-MS on such complex mixtures invariably results in entire classes of lipids being missed because of suppression effects.

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“…In parallel, the nut oils were analyzed for their TAG composition using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS combined with sophisticated data analysis. Monitoring of TAG profiles by MALDI-MS directly from whole plant oils and animal fats (TAG profiling) becomes increasingly popular [41][42][43][44] Table 1), detailed literature data concerning the TAG composition of many nut oil varieties using MALDI technology are not available so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of volatile compounds and triacylglycerol profiles of nut oils using SPME‐GC‐MS and MALDI‐TOF‐MS

Bail

Stuebiger

Unterweger³

et al. 2009

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Several nut oil varieties mainly used as culinary and overall healthy food ingredients were subject of the present study. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed in order to determine the qualitative composition of volatile compounds. Furthermore, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used in order to assess the profiles and relative composition of the prevalent triacylglycerols (TAG) within the oils. The headspace of the majority of oil samples was dominated by high contents of acetic acid (up to 42%) and hexanal (up to 32%). As nut oils are typically gained by cold-pressing from previously roasted nuts, characteristic pyrazine derivatives as well as degradation products of long-chain fatty acids were detected. TAG analysis of these oils revealed a quite homogeneous composition dominated by components of the C 52 and C 54 group composed mainly of oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), stearic (18:0) and palmitic (16:0) acid residues representing together between 65 and 95% of the investigated nut oils. The TAG profiles showed characteristic patterns which can be used as 'fingerprints' of the genuine oils. Nut oils exhibiting quite similar fatty acid composition (e.g. hazelnut, pistachio and beech oil) could be clearly discriminated based on TAG showing significant differences between the oils.

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Rapid characterization of edible oils by direct matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis using triacylglycerols

Cited by 66 publications

References 16 publications

Triacylglycerol profiling of marine microalgae by mass spectrometry

Triacylglycerol profiling of marine microalgae by mass spectrometry

A rapid separation technique for overcoming suppression of triacylglycerols by phosphatidylcholine using MALDI-TOF MS

Characterization of volatile compounds and triacylglycerol profiles of nut oils using SPME‐GC‐MS and MALDI‐TOF‐MS

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