Abstract:Cell mechanics is closely related to many cell functions. Recent studies have suggested that the deformability of cells can be an effective biomarker to indicate the onset and progression of diseases. In this paper, a microfluidic chip is designed for rapid characterization of the mechanics of drugtreated cells through stretching with dielectrophoresis (DEP) force. This chip was fabricated using PDMS and micro-electrodes were integrated and patterned on the ITO layer of the chip. Leukemia NB4 cells were consid… Show more
“…2c) were patterned on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slide by using photolithography. Details of the chip fabrication was presented in our earlier work [8]. Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Red blood cells (RBCs) from patients with sickle cell trait display lower deformability than healthy RBCs [7]. Hence, the effectiveness of a certain chemotherapy drug or medicine on cells can be evaluated by quantitatively comparing the deformation behavior of cells after treatment, and this approach brings new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of various diseases [8, 9]. …”
BackgroundCytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network that helps to maintain the rigidity of a cell, and the mechanical properties of a cell are closely related to many cellular functions. This paper presents a new method to probe and
characterize cell mechanical properties through dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based cell stretching manipulation and actin cytoskeleton modeling.MethodsLeukemia NB4 cells were used as cell line, and changes in their biological properties were examined after chemotherapy treatment with doxorubicin (DOX). DEP-integrated microfluidic chip was utilized as a low-cost and efficient tool to study the deformability of cells. DEP forces used in cell stretching were first evaluated through computer simulation, and the results were compared with modeling equations and with the results of optical stretching (OT) experiments. Structural parameters were then extracted by fitting the experimental data into the actin cytoskeleton model, and the underlying mechanical properties of the cells were subsequently characterized.ResultsThe DEP forces generated under different voltage inputs were calculated and the results from different approaches demonstrate good approximations to the force estimation. Both DEP and OT stretching experiments confirmed that DOX-treated NB4 cells were stiffer than the untreated cells. The structural parameters extracted from the model and the confocal images indicated significant change in actin network after DOX treatment.ConclusionThe proposed DEP method combined with actin cytoskeleton modeling is a simple engineering tool to characterize the mechanical properties of cells.
“…2c) were patterned on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slide by using photolithography. Details of the chip fabrication was presented in our earlier work [8]. Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Red blood cells (RBCs) from patients with sickle cell trait display lower deformability than healthy RBCs [7]. Hence, the effectiveness of a certain chemotherapy drug or medicine on cells can be evaluated by quantitatively comparing the deformation behavior of cells after treatment, and this approach brings new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of various diseases [8, 9]. …”
BackgroundCytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network that helps to maintain the rigidity of a cell, and the mechanical properties of a cell are closely related to many cellular functions. This paper presents a new method to probe and
characterize cell mechanical properties through dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based cell stretching manipulation and actin cytoskeleton modeling.MethodsLeukemia NB4 cells were used as cell line, and changes in their biological properties were examined after chemotherapy treatment with doxorubicin (DOX). DEP-integrated microfluidic chip was utilized as a low-cost and efficient tool to study the deformability of cells. DEP forces used in cell stretching were first evaluated through computer simulation, and the results were compared with modeling equations and with the results of optical stretching (OT) experiments. Structural parameters were then extracted by fitting the experimental data into the actin cytoskeleton model, and the underlying mechanical properties of the cells were subsequently characterized.ResultsThe DEP forces generated under different voltage inputs were calculated and the results from different approaches demonstrate good approximations to the force estimation. Both DEP and OT stretching experiments confirmed that DOX-treated NB4 cells were stiffer than the untreated cells. The structural parameters extracted from the model and the confocal images indicated significant change in actin network after DOX treatment.ConclusionThe proposed DEP method combined with actin cytoskeleton modeling is a simple engineering tool to characterize the mechanical properties of cells.
“…42 DEP was also used to measure the effect of drug treatment on leukemia NB4 cell elastic modulus. 43 While some of these experiments were performed on adherent cells shortly after they were detached from a substrate, to our knowledge DEP forces have not been used to study global mechanical properties of cells attached to a substrate at the time of measurement.…”
Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the force induced on a polarizable body by a non-uniform electric field, has been widely used to manipulate single cells in suspension and analyze their stiffness. However, most cell types do not naturally exist in suspension but instead require attachment to the tissue extracellular matrix in vivo. Cells alter their cytoskeletal structure when they attach to a substrate, which impacts cell stiffness. It is therefore critical to be able to measure mechanical properties of cells attached to a substrate. We present a novel inverted quadrupole dielectrophoretic device capable of measuring changes in the mechanics of single cells attached to a micropatterned polyacrylamide gel. The device is positioned over a cell of defined size, a directed DEP pushing force is applied, and cell centroid displacement is dynamically measured by optical microscopy. Using this device, single endothelial cells showed greater centroid displacement in response to applied DEP pushing force following actin cytoskeleton disruption by cytochalasin D. In addition, transformed mammary epithelial cell (MCF10A-NeuT) showed greater centroid displacement in response to applied DEP pushing force compared to untransformed cells (MCF10A). DEP device measurements were confirmed by showing that the cells with greater centroid displacement also had a lower elastic modulus by atomic force microscopy. The current study demonstrates that an inverted DEP device can determine changes in single attached cell mechanics on varied substrates.
“…The DEP force that the neutral particle is experienced can be expressed as Eq. . ε m is the dielectric constant of solution, r is radius of the particle.…”
Section: Active Methods For Tumor Cell Detectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…K(ω) is Clausium‐Mossotii that is determined by the dielectric constants of both solution and particle, their mathematical relationships can be expressed in Eq. . E rms is the root mean square of applied electric field strength.…”
Section: Active Methods For Tumor Cell Detectionmentioning
Cancer metastasis is the main cause of cancer‐related death. Early detection of tumor cell in peripheral blood is of great significant to early diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer. Over the past two decades, microfluidic technologies have been demonstrated to have great potential for isolating and detecting tumor cell from blood. The present paper reviews microfluidic techniques for tumor cell detection based on various physical principles. The specific methods are categorized into active and passive methods depending on whether extra force field is applied. Working principles of the two methods are explained in detail, including microfluidics combined with optical tweezer, electric field, magnetic field, acoustophoresis, and without extra fields for tumor cell detection. Typical experiments and the results are reviewed. Based on these, research characteristics of the two methods are analyzed.
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