Rapid Clay Weathering in the Rhizosphere of Norway Spruce and Oak in an Acid Forest Ecosystem

Calvaruso, Christophe; Mareschal, Louis; Turpault, M.-P.; Leclerc, Elisabeth

doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0400

Cited by 81 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The rhizosphere is the most biologically and chemically active frontier of the soil (McNear, 2013) because this is where compounds are released which directly and indirectly affect soil minerals (Philippot et al, 2013). Specifically, roots provide carbon for the microbial and fungal communities (Berner et al, 2003;Calvaruso et al, 2009Calvaruso et al, , 2014McGahan et al, 2014). In return, mycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria generally increase the availability of nutrients to the trees (e.g., van Scholl et al, 2006a, b;Balogh-Brunstad et al, 2008a;Calvaruso et al, 2009;Bonneville et al, 2011;Smits et al, 2012;Ahmed and Holmstrom, 2015).…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ectomycorrhizal fungi are also able to actively decompose organic matter to acquire nitrogen and phosphorus (Marschner, 2011;Reed et al, 2011). In fact, at the watershed scale, many studies have shown that trees can increase mineral dissolution rates (Berner et al, 2003;Calvaruso et al, 2009Calvaruso et al, , 2014Augustin et al, 2015) compared to rates observed for rock areas that are bare or lichen-or moss-covered.…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Trees, the most successful biological power plants on earth, build and plumb the critical zone (CZ) in ways that we do not yet understand. To encourage exploration of the character and implications of interactions between trees and soil in the CZ, we propose nine hypotheses that can be tested at diverse settings. The hypotheses are roughly divided into those about the architecture (building) and those about the water (plumbing) in the CZ, but the two functions are intertwined. Depending upon one's disciplinary background, many of the nine hypotheses listed below may appear obviously true or obviously false. (1) Tree roots can only physically penetrate and biogeochemically comminute the immobile substrate underlying mobile soil where that underlying substrate is fractured or pre-weathered. (2) In settings where the thickness of weathered material, H , is large, trees primarily shape the CZ through biogeochemical reactions within the rooting zone. (3) In forested uplands, the thickness of mobile soil, h, can evolve toward a steady state because of feedbacks related to root disruption and tree throw. (4) In settings where h H and the rates of uplift and erosion are low, the uptake of phosphorus into trees is buffered by the fine-grained fraction of the soil, and the ultimate source of this phosphorus is dust. (5) In settings of limited water availability, trees maintain the highest length density of functional roots at depths where water can be extracted over most of the growing season with the least amount of energy expenditure. (6) Trees grow the majority of their roots in the zone where the most growth-limiting resource is abundant, but they also grow roots at other depths to forage for other resources and to hydraulically redistribute those resources to depths where they can be taken up more efficiently. (7) Trees rely on matrix water in the unsaturated zone that at times may have anPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 5116 S. L. Brantley et al.: Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone isotopic composition distinct from the gravity-drained water that transits from the hillslope to groundwater and streamflow. (8) Mycorrhizal fungi can use matrix water directly, but trees can only use this water by accessing it indirectly through the fungi. (9) Even trees growing well above the valley floor of a catchment can directly affect stream chemistry where changes in permeability near the rooting zone promote intermittent zones of water saturation and downslope flow of water to the stream. By testing these nine hypotheses, we will generate important new cross-disciplinary insights that advance CZ science.

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Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

et al. 2017

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“…Bacteria and lichens also produce acidifying and chelating metabolites such as protons, organic acids or siderophores, which are known to increase mineral dissolution (4,5,7,(10)(11)(12). Several studies have reported that mineral weathering in soil varies according to the plant species (3) and is intensified in the rhizosphere compared to the surrounding bulk soil (BS) (13)(14)(15)(16). Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that this intensification is partly related to the activity of root-associated microorganisms (1,10,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Types and Tree Species Determine the Functional and Taxonomic Structures of Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

Colin

Nicolitch

Turpault³

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Although minerals represent important soil constituents, their impact on the diversity and structure of soil microbial communities remains poorly documented. In this study, pure mineral particles with various chemistries (i.e., obsidian, apatite, and calcite) were considered. Each mineral type was conditioned in mesh bags and incubated in soil below different tree stands (beech, coppice with standards, and Corsican pine) for 2.5 years to determine the relative impacts of mineralogy and mineral weatherability on the taxonomic and functional diversities of mineral-associated bacterial communities. After this incubation period, the minerals and the surrounding bulk soil were collected to determine mass loss and to perform soil analyses, enzymatic assays, and cultivation-dependent and -independent analyses. Notably, our 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analyses revealed that after the 2.5-year incubation period, the mineral-associated bacterial communities strongly differed from those of the surrounding bulk soil for all tree stands considered. When focusing only on minerals, our analyses showed that the bacterial communities associated with calcite, the less recalcitrant mineral type, significantly differed from those that colonized obsidian and apatite minerals. The cultivation-dependent analysis revealed significantly higher abundances of effective mineral-weathering bacteria on the most recalcitrant minerals (i.e., apatite and obsidian). Together, our data showed an enrichment of Betaproteobacteria and effective mineral-weathering bacteria related to the Burkholderia and Collimonas genera on the minerals, suggesting a key role for these taxa in mineral weathering and nutrient cycling in nutrient-poor forest ecosystems.IMPORTANCE Forests are usually developed on nutrient-poor and rocky soils, while nutrient-rich soils have been dedicated to agriculture. In this context, nutrient recycling and nutrient access are key processes in such environments. Deciphering how soil mineralogy influences the diversity, structure, and function of soil bacterial communities in relation to the soil conditions is crucial to better understanding the relative role of the soil bacterial communities in nutrient cycling and plant nutrition in nutrient-poor environments. The present study determined in detail the diversity and structure of bacterial communities associated with different mineral types incubated for 2.5 years in the soil under different tree species using cultivationdependent and -independent analyses. Our data showed an enrichment of specific bacterial taxa on the minerals, specifically on the most weathered minerals, suggesting that they play key roles in mineral weathering and nutrient cycling in nutrientpoor forest ecosystems.KEYWORDS mineral chemistry, bacterial communities, forest soil, mesh bags, mineral weatherability

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“…Biotite tends to dissolve and transform easily in any acidic environment [61,[66][67][68], and increased dissolution rates have been demonstrated with the presence of organic acids, especially oxalate [61,69,70]. However, biotite persists in many soils, which indicates that biotite dissolution is incongruent in pH conditions common to soils and element release becomes diffusion-limited due to secondary phases/remnant silicate framework at the mineral surface [61].…”

Section: Element Release Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Mineral Interactions in the Rhizosphere of Scots and Red Pine Seedlings

Balogh‐Brunstad

Keller

Shi

et al. 2017

Soils

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria play a key role in plant-driven mineral weathering and uptake of mineral-derived nutrients in the rhizosphere. The goal of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of bacteria-fungi-mineral interactions in biofilms of Scots and red pine rhizospheres. In three experiments, seedlings were grown in columns containing silica sand amended with biotite and calcium-feldspar, and inoculated with pure cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi or a soil slurry. Uninoculated seedlings and unplanted abiotic columns served as controls. After nine months, the columns were destructively sampled and the minerals were analyzed using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Element release rates were determined from cation concentrations of input and output waters, soil exchange sites, and plant biomass, then normalized to geometric surface area of minerals in each column. The results revealed that various ectomycorrhizal fungal species stimulate silicate dissolution, and biofilm formation occurred at low levels, but direct surface attachment and etching by fungal hyphae was a minor contributor to the overall cation release from the minerals in comparison to other environmental conditions such as water applications (rain events), which varied among the experiments. This research highlights the importance of experimental design details for future exploration of these relationships.

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Rapid Clay Weathering in the Rhizosphere of Norway Spruce and Oak in an Acid Forest Ecosystem

Cited by 81 publications

References 66 publications

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

Mineral Types and Tree Species Determine the Functional and Taxonomic Structures of Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Mineral Interactions in the Rhizosphere of Scots and Red Pine Seedlings

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