Rapid Communication: Personality and attention: Levels of neuroticism and extraversion can predict attentional performance during a change detection task

Hahn, Song–Yop; Buttaccio, Daniel R.; Hahn, Jungwon; Lee, Taehun

doi:10.1080/17470218.2015.1032986

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This view is supported by our finding that higher extraversion was associated with lower heart rate, such that lower autonomic arousal might have underpinned poorer retrieval performance (Geen, 1984;Harvey & Hirschmann, 1980). Notably, the relationship between arousal and performance determines how different levels of arousal match optimal task environments: Overall, extraverts may not generally perform worse than introverts on cognitive tasks, but are more likely to outperform introverts in fast-paced (Hahn et al, 2015), sensory stimulating environments (Geen, 1984), arguably since higher task demand increases extraverts' cortical (Fink et al, 2005;Kumari et al, 2004) and autonomic arousal (Geen, 1984;Harvey & Hirschmann, 1980) to drive optimal performance. The fact that our retrieval task was slow-paced (three second responses) and carried out in a quiet lab environment could have contributed to extraversion-related retrieval deficits.…”

Section: Cardiac Influences On Associative Retrieval As a Function Ofmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Lastly, we predicted a modulatory influence of personality on emotion-related associative learning and memory reinforced at specific cardiac timings. Extraverts reportedly perform better in stimulating ('high arousal') environments, evidenced by better performance, relative to introverts, on fast-paced change detection tasks (Hahn, Buttaccio, Hahn, & Lee, 2015) and on associative learning tasks in acoustically noisy contexts (Geen, 1984). We therefore predicted that extraverts would show improved learning and/or retrieval of face-name pairs reinforced at systole as a result of enhanced cardiovascular arousal.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 97%

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Feedback from the heart: Emotional learning and memory is controlled by cardiac cycle, interoceptive accuracy and personality

Pfeifer

Garfinkel

Praag

et al. 2017

Biological Psychology

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Feedback processing is critical to trial-and-error learning. Here, we examined whether interoceptive signals concerning the state of cardiovascular arousal influence the processing of reinforcing feedback during the learning of 'emotional' face-name pairs, with subsequent effects on retrieval. Participants (N=29) engaged in a learning task of face-name pairs (fearful, neutral, happy faces). Correct and incorrect learning decisions were reinforced by auditory feedback, which was delivered either at cardiac systole (on the heartbeat, when baroreceptors signal the contraction of the heart to the brain), or at diastole (between heartbeats during baroreceptor quiescence). We discovered a cardiac influence on feedback processing that enhanced the learning of fearful faces in people with heightened interoceptive ability. Individuals with enhanced accuracy on a heartbeat counting task learned fearful face-name pairs better when feedback was given at systole than at diastole. This effect was not present for neutral and happy faces. At retrieval, we also observed related effects of personality: First, individuals scoring higher for extraversion showed poorer retrieval accuracy. These individuals additionally manifested lower resting heart rate and lower state anxiety, suggesting that attenuated levels of cardiovascular arousal in extraverts underlies poorer performance. Second, higher extraversion scores predicted higher emotional intensity ratings of fearful faces reinforced at systole. Third, individuals scoring higher for neuroticism showed higher retrieval confidence for fearful faces reinforced at diastole. Our results show that cardiac signals shape feedback processing to influence learning of fearful faces, an effect underpinned by personality differences linked to psychophysiological arousal.

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Section: Cardiac Influences On Associative Retrieval As a Function Ofmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 97%

Feedback from the heart: Emotional learning and memory is controlled by cardiac cycle, interoceptive accuracy and personality

Pfeifer

Garfinkel

Praag

et al. 2017

Biological Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1). Another potential mechanism connecting personality with attention resides in affective states because affective states influence the items to which an individual attends in a scene and for how long (Hahn et al 2015). Although such relationships present opportunities for better linking personality with accidents, lingering uncertainties about the personality elements that best predict the at-risk behaviors that have been considerably understudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Personality in Construction Safety: Investigating the Relationships between Personality, Attentional Failure, and Hazard Identification under Fall-Hazard Conditions

Hasanzadeh

Dao

Esmaeili

et al. 2019

J. Constr. Eng. Manage.

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Workers' attentional failures or inattention toward detecting a hazard can lead to inappropriate decisions and unsafe behaviors. Previous research has shown that individual characteristics such as past injury exposure contribute greatly to skill-based (e.g., attention failure) and perception-based (e.g., failure to identify and misperception) errors and subsequent accident involvement. However, a dearth of research empirically examined how a worker's personality affects his or her attention and hazard identification. This study addresses this knowledge gap by exploring the impacts of the personality dimensions on the selective attention of workers exposed to fall hazards. To this end, construction workers were recruited to engage in a laboratory eye-tracking experiment that consisted of 115 potential and active fall scenarios in 35 construction images captured from actual projects within the United States. Construction workers' personalities were assessed through the self-completion of the Big Five personality questionnaire, and their visual attention was monitored continuously using a wearable eye-tracking apparatus. The results of the study show that workers' personality dimensions-specifically, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience-significantly relate to and impact attentional allocations and the search strategies of workers exposed to fall hazards. A more detailed investigation of this connection showed that individuals who are introverted, more conscientious, or more open to experience are less prone to injury and return their attention more frequently to hazardous areas. This study is the first attempt to illustrate how examining relationships among personality, attention, and hazard identification can reveal opportunities for the early detection of at-risk workers who are more likely to be involved in accidents. A better understanding of these connections provides valuable insight into both practice and theory regarding the transformation of current training and educational practices by providing appropriate intervention strategies for personalized safety guidelines and effective training materials to transform personality-driven at-risk workers into safer workers.

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“…Visually impaired subjects with high neuroticism had also a lower cognitive score than those with a low neuroticism level. Others [59][60][61] found that neuroticism was associated with decreased attentional control over the visual field, and it was proposed that neuroticism decreased attentional disengagement. We showed that lower neuroticism correlated significantly with vision recovery, but a prospective study with a larger sample should establish the cause-effect relationship.…”

Section: Personality and Vision Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and stress influence vision restoration and recovery in glaucoma and optic neuropathy following alternating current stimulation: implications for personalized neuromodulation and rehabilitation

et al. 2020

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Purpose Identifying factors that affect recovery or restoration of neurological function is a key goal of rehabilitation in neurology and ophthalmology. One such factor can be prolonged mental stress, which may be not only the consequence of nervous system damage but also a major risk factor, or cause, of neural inactivation. Using the visual system as a model of neural injury, we wished to study how patients' stress and personality profiles correlate with vision recovery as induced by therapy with alternating current stimulation (ACS) in patients with optic nerve damage. Methods Personality and stress questionnaires were sent retrospectively to a clinical convenience sample of patients who suffer low vision due to optic nerve damage, which had previously been treated with ACS. The questionnaires included the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress (TICS), and the Flammer syndrome (FS) checklist, which probes signs of vascular dysregulation (VD). These scores were then correlated with the extent of ACS-induced vision restoration as recorded 1-3 years earlier by perimetric visual field tests. Results Two NEO-FFI personality factors (lower neuroticism, higher conscientiousness) and the presence of physiological Flammer signs were associated with greater recovery as were individual items of the factors openness and agreeableness. Single NEO-FFI item analysis revealed that recovery relates to greater extraversion (optimistic and happy), openness (less guided by authorities for decisions on moral issues), and agreeableness (argue less, like working with others, thoughtful, considerate) as well as the presence of FS signs (cold hands/feet, hypotension, slim body shapes, tinnitus). This suggests that patients with better recovery were more calm, peaceful and secure, hard-working, and reliable, and with high organizational skills. In contrast, patients with poor recovery had a tendency to be emotionally unstable, anxious, unhappy and prone to negative emotions, impulsive, careless, and unorganized. Chronic stress assessed with TICS did not correlate with recovery. Conclusion Vision restoration induced by ACS is greater in patients with less stress-prone personality traits and those who show signs of VD. Prospective studies are now needed to determine if personality has (i) a causal influence, i.e., patients with less stress-prone personalities and greater VD signs recover better, and/or (ii) if personality changes are an effect of the treatment, i.e., successful recovery induces personality changes. Though the cause-effect relationship is still open, we nevertheless propose that psychosocial factors and VD contribute to the highly variable outcome of vision restoration treatments in low vision rehabilitation. This has implications for preventive and personalized vision restoration and is of general value for our understanding of outcome variability in neuromodulation and neurological rehabilitation.

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Rapid Communication: Personality and attention: Levels of neuroticism and extraversion can predict attentional performance during a change detection task

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Feedback from the heart: Emotional learning and memory is controlled by cardiac cycle, interoceptive accuracy and personality

Feedback from the heart: Emotional learning and memory is controlled by cardiac cycle, interoceptive accuracy and personality

Role of Personality in Construction Safety: Investigating the Relationships between Personality, Attentional Failure, and Hazard Identification under Fall-Hazard Conditions

Personality and stress influence vision restoration and recovery in glaucoma and optic neuropathy following alternating current stimulation: implications for personalized neuromodulation and rehabilitation

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