Rapid cooling methods

Structure of biodiesel based bicontinuous microemulsions for environmentally compatible decontamination: A small angle neutron scattering and freeze fracture electron microscopy study

“…However, the sample has to be cooled as fast as possible to diminish temperature dependent structural changes. High cooling rates of about 104 K/s can be reached with the sandwich technique by plunging the sandwich into liquid propane [46]. Therefore, a small amount of the microemulsion sample was placed on a 0.6 mm thick copper specimen carrier for jet freezing, covered with a second one, and this sandwich was frozen by dipping into nitrogen-cooled liquid propane.…”