Rapid, cost-efficient fabrication of microfluidic reactors in thermoplastic polymers by combining photolithography and hot embossing

Greener, Jesse; Li, Wei; Ren, Judy; Voicu, Dan; Pakharenko, Viktoriya; Tang, Tian; Kumacheva, Eugenia

doi:10.1039/b918834g

Cited by 90 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Based on the lower pressure and temperature used, silicon, copper, nickel, stainless steel, and even polymer masters have been used as template material [85,86]. Among them, SU-8 photoresist has also been used as a master material through standard photolithography for embossing polymeric materials under conditions similar to the ones used with metal templates, and an aluminum coating can be applied to facilitate substrate demolding from the template [87]. To fabricate high aspect ratio structures, an [80] anodic aluminum oxidation nanostructured membrane and cylindrical pillars can be used [88,89].…”

Section: Hot Embossingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric-Based In Vitro Diagnostic Devices

Cheng

Kuan

Chen

2015

In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices

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Section: Hot Embossingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric-Based In Vitro Diagnostic Devices

Cheng

Kuan

Chen

2015

In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices

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“…[ 58 ] Photolithography was used to produce polymer hot embossing masters and stamp thermoplastic polymers chips. [ 59 ] Rapid microfl uidic chip prototypes are produced with maskless photolithography using a liquid crystal display projector to pattern photoresist [ 60 ] and direct lithographic patterning of photoresist using a collimated and focused ultraviolet light emitting diode. [ 61 ] Cleanroom environments for microfabrication are not always available.…”

Section: Progress Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Chips for Point‐of‐Care Immunodiagnostics

2011

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We might be at the turning point where research in microfluidics undertaken in academia and industrial research laboratories, and substantially sponsored by public grants, may provide a range of portable and networked diagnostic devices. In this Progress Report, an overview on microfluidic devices that may become the next generation of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics is provided. First, we describe gaps and opportunities in medical diagnostics and how microfluidics can address these gaps using the example of immunodiagnostics. Next, we conceptualize how different technologies are converging into working microfluidic POC diagnostics devices. Technologies are explained from the perspective of sample interaction with components of a device. Specifically, we detail materials, surface treatment, sample processing, microfluidic elements (such as valves, pumps, and mixers), receptors, and analytes in the light of various biosensing concepts. Finally, we discuss the integration of components into accurate and reliable devices.

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“…The first two methods are costly and time consuming to implement and laser ablation is limited by the complexity that can be integrated into potential designs [16,17]. Using photolithography to fabricate larger scale devices would only incur higher costs, and would be technically impractical for creating millimetre dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milli‐free flow electrophoresis: I. Fast prototyping of mFFE devices

Agostino

Evenhuis

Krylov

2011

J of Separation Science

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We coin a term of milli-free flow electrophoresis (mFFE) to describe mid-scale FFE with flow rates intermediate to macro-FFE and micro-FFE (μFFE). Introduced decades ago, mFFE did not find practical applications. We revive mFFE, as we view it as a viable purification complement to continuous synthesis in capillary reactors with product flow rates of ∼5 to 2000 μL/min, too small for macro-FFE but too large for μFFE. The development of the tandem of continuous synthesis/purification will require the production and evaluation of a large number of prototypes of mFFE devices. As the first step, we developed a fast (<24 h) and economical (∼$10) method for prototyping mFFE devices using a robotic milling machine. mFFE prototypes are constructed from two machined matching poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates, which are bonded in 10 min using dichloromethane to provide a strong and irreversible seal. Using the developed prototyping technology, we designed and evaluated 25 prototypes of mFFE devices. By optimizing the feed rates and rotational speeds of the drills, the depth of the electrode channels, the dimensions of the entrance and exit reservoirs, the sample flow rate, and the diameter and position of the sample input, we were able to achieve indefinitely long operation of the device with cycles of alternating 15-min electrophoresis and 0.5-min regeneration (bubble removal). The test analytes, rhodamine B and fluorescein, were baseline resolved by mFFE for flow rates ranging from 10 to 600 μL/min. These results prove that our prototyping approach is suitable for the challenging task of multi-parameter optimization of mFFE devices.

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Rapid, cost-efficient fabrication of microfluidic reactors in thermoplastic polymers by combining photolithography and hot embossing

Cited by 90 publications

References 33 publications

Polymeric-Based In Vitro Diagnostic Devices

Polymeric-Based In Vitro Diagnostic Devices

Microfluidic Chips for Point‐of‐Care Immunodiagnostics

Milli‐free flow electrophoresis: I. Fast prototyping of mFFE devices

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